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Medical Language > Ch. 3 Gastroenterology > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Gastroenterology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

oral cavity

A

mouth

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2
Q

mucosa

A

mucous membrane that produces thin mucous

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3
Q

gustatory cortex

A

brain structure responsible for the perception of taste

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4
Q

saliva

A

lubricant that moistens food as it chewed and swallowed

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5
Q

parotid (pah-RAWT-id); sublingual; submandibular

A

three saliva glands

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6
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

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7
Q

pharynx

A

a passageway for food as well as for inhaled and exhaled air

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8
Q

esophagus

A

flexible, muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach

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9
Q

peristalsis

A

coordinated contractions of the intestine or other canal, creating wave-like movements to move the contents forward

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10
Q

stomach

A

a large, elongated sac in the upper abdominal cavity

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11
Q

cardia; fundus; body; pylorus

A

four regions of stomach

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12
Q

rugae

A

deep folds that expand as the stomach fills with food

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13
Q

lower esophageal sphincter (LES); pyloric sphincter

A

two sphincters that keep food in the stomach

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14
Q

chyme (KIME)

A

semisolid mixture of partially digested food, saliva, digestive enzymes, and fluids of the stomach

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15
Q

small intestine (small bowel)

A

long hollow tube that receives chyme from the stomach

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16
Q

duodenum

A

10-inch, C-shaped segment that begins at the stomach and ends at the jujunum

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17
Q

jejunum

A

the second part of the small intestine, an 8-foot segment

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18
Q

ileum

A

12-foot segment of small intestine where absorption of food and water is completed

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19
Q

villi

A

thousands of small thin structures that project into the lumen

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20
Q

lumen

A

central, open area

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21
Q

large intestine (large bowel)

A

larger (than small intestine) tube than receives undigested material and some water from the small intestine

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22
Q

appendix

A

thin tube that is closed at its distal end

23
Q

haustra

A

puckered pouches (that can greatly expand as needed

24
Q

colon

A

longest part of the large intestine

25
Q

ascending colon; transverse colon; descending colon; sigmoid colon

A

four parts of large intesting

26
Q

rectum

A

short, straight segment that connects to the outside of the body

27
Q

anus

A

external opening of the rectum

28
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

body cavity that contains the largest organs (viscera) of the GI system

29
Q

peritoneum (pair*-ih-toh-NEE-um)

A

double-layer serous membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity

30
Q

peritoneal (pair*-ih-toh-NEE-al)

A

watery fluid that fills spaces between organs and allows them to slide past each other during movements of digestion

31
Q

omentum

A

fatty apron that supports the stomach and hangs down to cover and protect the small intestine

32
Q

mesentery

A

a thick, fan-shaped sheet that supports the jejunum and ileum

33
Q

celiac trunk

A

artery that supplies the stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

34
Q

liver

A

large, dark red-brown organ

35
Q

hepatocytes

A

liver cells

36
Q

bile

A

yellow-green, bitter-tasting, thick fluid produced by the liver

37
Q

bilirubin

A

yellow pigment in bile

38
Q

biliverdin

A

green pigment in bile

39
Q

biliary tree

A

all of the bile ducts collectively

40
Q

gallbladder

A

teardrop-shaped, dark green sac posterior to the liver

41
Q

pancreas

A

yellow, somewhat lumpy gland shaped like an elongated triangle

42
Q

cholecystokinin (koh-lee-sistoh-KY-nin)

A

a hormone secreted by the duodenum that stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile

43
Q

enzymes

A

a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction

44
Q

hydrochloric acid

A

strong acid of the stomach

45
Q

pepsinogen

A

converted by HCl to pepsin

46
Q

pepsin

A

digestive enzyme that breaks down protein foods into large protein molecules

47
Q

gastrin

A

hormone that stimulates the release of more HCl and pepsinogen

48
Q

uvula

A

fleshy structure hanging from the soft palate

49
Q

amylase (AM-il-ace)

A

an enzyme, found chiefly in saliva and pancreatic fluid, that converts starch and glycogen into simple sugars

50
Q

lipase (LI-pace)

A

a pancreatic enzyme that breaks down small fat globules into fatty acids

51
Q

lactase

A

digestive enzyme produced by the small intestine

52
Q

flatus (FLAY-tus)

A

intestinal gas

53
Q

pharynx

A

throat; the passageway for both food and inhaled and exhaled air

54
Q

esophagus

A

flexible, muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach

Medical Language (4 decks)

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