Ch 5 Bacterial infections Flashcards
- superficial skin infection
- affects 2-6 year olds
- close contact sports such as rugby regardless of age
Impetigo
what bacteria are associated with impetigo?
- streptococcus pyogenes and staphlococcus aureus
- non-bullous associated with group a
- bullous SA
how is impetigo tranmitted?
direct contact with nasal carriers
treatment of impetigo
- non-bullous form: topical mupirocin
- bullous form usually requires 1-week course of systemic antibiotics
tonsillar plug
usually come out on their own,
they are pretty common
what bacteria causes syphilis?
-Treponema Pallidum (sexually transmitted)
how is syphilis treated?
-easily treated with antibiotics (IM benzathine penicillin)
when is syphilis infectious?
can always be transmitted during pregnancy
-highly infectious only during first two stages
Chancre associated with…
Syphilis-primary
- at point of intial exposure to spirochete: 10-90 days after exposure (external genitalia and anus-oral rare)
- firm painless skin ulceration
- may persist 4-6 weeks
- regional lymphadenopathy
- may go into secondary before the chancre is gone
secondary syphilis
- 1-6 months after primary (common 6-8 weeks)
- flu like symptoms
- most contagious stage
- MUCOUS PATCH
- condyloma lata (rash becomes flat broad whitish in moist areas of body)
- optic neuritis and interstitial keratitis
- cutaneous rash
if a patient has a “mucous patch”
they have secondary syphilis
condyloma lata
associated with 2ndary syphilis,
-many flat broad whitish rash
latent-syphilis
serologic proof without signs or symptoms of disease
-early (less than 2 years after initial infection ) more contagious than late-single IM injection of long actng penicillin
tertiary syphilis
- 1-10 years after initial infection
- leutic glossitis
neurologic syphilis
-tabes dorsalis-(locomotive ataxia) disorder of the spinal…not really going to be seen, they would have to be untreated
Gumma
necrosis, or hypersensitivity on palate
congenital syphilis
deformed face and eventual blindness -miscarriages, premature births, stillbirths or death of newborns -frontal bossing short maxilla high arched palate saddle nose rhagades
-frontal bossing short maxilla high arched palate saddle nose rhagades
congenital syphilis
rhianitis?
-circumoral furrows?
hutchinsons triad
hutchinsons teeth (screw driver incisors, mulberry molars intersitial keratits -eighth cranial nerve deafness?
syphilis tests
- treponema pallidum hemagglutination test (TPHA)
fluores. ..
Tuskegee syphilis
600 black sharecropers, recruited for study
-not offered tx with salvarsan (arsenic drug)
lasted six months
-ended in 1972 (40 years) after 40 wives and 19 children infected
what bacteria for Gonorrhea?
-Neisseria gonorrhoeae
-sexual contact
-cannot penetrate intact stratified squamous epithelium
-
what other disease is asssociated with gonorrhea
Clamydia
treatment for gonorrhea
at risk for other std
ceftria…
mycobacterium tuberculosis causes
tuberculosis
- infection (positive tb test, not infectious, but can progress to the disease) must be distinguished from the active disease
- you will never have oral lesions before pulmonary manifestation
tb transmission
airborne
- only transmitted during active disease
- Iv drug use
- HIV/AIDS/immunocompromized
- high risk congested areas
- medically underserved
- immunosuppresive drugs
- health care workers serving high risk clients
acid fast stain with TB
RED
Noma
gangrenous disease leading to tissue destruction of the fac
- caused by malnutrition and weak immune system -exact cause unknown
- poor sanitation
- dehydration
- poor oral hygiene
- malignancy, immunodeficiency
- 80% mortality untreated
prevention of Noma
- awareness
- poverty reduction
- improved nutrition
infection of filamentous branching, gram positive anaerobic bacteria
actinomycosis
-usually actinomyces israelii
actinomycosis
- actinomyces israelii
- acute deep suppurative abscess
- draining sinus tracts treats it
- “sulfur granules” (hallmark)
treatment of actinomycosis
antibiotic….
“cat scratch disease”
common in children, lymph nodes swell
- positive cat-scratch skin test
- intracellular bacteria BARTONELLA HENSELAE
- kittens are more likely to carry bacteria in blood and more likely to transmit disease
- lymphadenopathy (but will often resolve before)
- treat with antibiotics
BA resembles
Karposi Sarcoma?
what type of epithelium lines the sinuses?
ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar
sinusitis
disease begins as a blockage of the osteomeatal complex that disrupts normal drainage
-sometimes referred to as: rhinosinusitis, since inflammation of the sinuses cannot occur without inflammation of the nose….
Acute sinusitis
- precipitated by URTI generally viral
- fungal invasion secondary to diabetes, AIDS/transplant, antirejection drugs
- in type I diabetes ketoacidosis causes S …
chronic sinusitis
-multiple causes; allergies, environment….
…
