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Abnormal Psychology > Ch. 5: Anxiety, Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders > Flashcards

Ch. 5: Anxiety, Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe GAD

A

Excessive or ongoing anxiety and worry for at least 6 months about a number of activities.

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2
Q

What are some symptoms of GAD?

A

Restlessness, fatigued, difficulty concentrating, irritability, sleep problems.

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3
Q

Describe the sociocultural perspective of GAD?

A

Develops in people who are faced with ongoing dangerous societal conditions, but this doesn’t explain how most people in these situations develop GAD

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4
Q

What perspective touches on the idea that children experience realistic, neurotic (prevented from expressing id desires) and moral (punished for id desires) and defense mechanism are inadequate?

A

Psychodynamic perspective

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5
Q

What are some types of psychodynamic therapies and what are some benefits?

A

Some types are free association, transference, resistance and dreams. Can help in the short term

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6
Q

Describe the humanistic perspective on GAD?

A

Occurs when people stop looking at themselves honestly

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7
Q

What are some strategies related to humanistic perspective?

A

Roger’s client centered therapy including positive regard and empathy

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8
Q

Describe Ellis’ rational emotive therapy (used in cognitive therapy)?

A

Identify irrational assumptions, develop alternative appropriate assumptions

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9
Q

Educating patients about worrying, observation of bodily arousal and gaining insight is what kind of cognitive therapy?

A

New wave cognitive therapy

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10
Q

Awareness and acceptance of thought is known as what kind of cognitive therapy

A

Mindfulness based cognitive therapy

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11
Q

What does the biological perspective say about GAD and name some treatments?

A

Based in genetics and GABA has a role. Drug therapy, relaxation training and biofeedback are all forms of treatment

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12
Q

What is a phobia?

A

A persistent, unreasonable fear of an object or activity.

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13
Q

Which gender is more likely to have phobias?

A

Women

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14
Q

What does the behavioral perspective say about phobias?

A

Classical conditioning (little Albert), modeling and stimulus generalization are all factors

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15
Q

What are some behavioral strategies for treating phobias?

A

Systematic desensitization
Flooding (in-vivo/covert)
Modeling

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16
Q

What is the behavioral explanation for agoraphobia and some treatments?

A

Classical conditioning, modeling and stimulus generalization. Treatments are exposure in support group or home based setting.

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17
Q

What is Social Anxiety Disorder?

A

Severe, persistent, irrational anxiety about social performance.

18
Q

What does the cognitive perspective say about social anxiety disorder?

A

Develops when people hold unrealistic expectations that work against them. People perform avoidance and safety behaviors to prevent social disasters.

19
Q

What are some treatments for social anxiety disorder in the biological, behavioral and cognitive setting?

A

Biological: Medications like antidepressants/anxiolytics
Behavioral: Exposure therapy, social training
Cognitive: Rational emotive therapy

20
Q

Define panic disorder?

A

Recurrent unexpected panic attacks followed by persistent concern about attacks or significant change in behavior in regard to attacks.

21
Q

Name 5 specifiers of panic attacks.

A

Palpitations, sweating, shaking, chest pain, nausea

22
Q

Describe biological perspective on panic disorders?

A

Increase in norepinephrine in locus coeruleus. Malfunction in brain circuit containing amygdala, grey matter and VM nucleus of hypothalamus

23
Q

Panic disorder develops in people who misinterpret physiological events that are occurring in their body. They may then hyperventilate. What perspective of panic disorder is this?

A

Cognitive perspective

24
Q

Those with panic disorder overreact when hyperventilation is produced. What is this known as?

A

Biological challenge test

25
Q

The focus on bodily sensation, poor assessment and harmful interpretation is known as what?

A

anxiety sensitivity

26
Q

What is the purpose of cognitive treatment?

A

Educate
Teach more accurate representation
Teach coping mechanisms

27
Q

Describe obsessive compulsive disorder?

A

Obsessions are recurrent and persistent thoughts or urges that are experienced in an unwanted manner that cause distress/anxiety

28
Q

What is the main hallmark of OCD?

A

The person affected tries to ignore the obsessions with other thoughts or actions

29
Q

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to their rigid rules.

A

Compulsions

30
Q

Obsessions and compulsions are _______ ____________ or cause significant distress.

A

time consuming

31
Q

With OCD, you need to specify if the sufferer has what?

A

good/poor insight
absent insight
tic-related

32
Q

Describe the psychodynamic perspective of OCD?

A

Battle between id and ego; defense mechanism buried in unconscious but here play out in overt thought

33
Q

What are the 3 primary defense mechanisms of OCD?

A

Isolation: disown unwanted thoughts
Undoing: perform acts to cancel out unwanted impulses
Reaction formation: take on opposite lifestyle

34
Q

Conflict between id and ego is traced to the _______ stage

A

anal

35
Q

The _____________ perspective of OCD believes that compulsions develop after repeated accidental associations between compulsion and consequence.

A

behavioral

36
Q

What are some behavioral treatments of OCD?

A

Exposure and response prevention

37
Q

Describe the cognitive perspective of OCD?

A

Focus on obsessions

People try to neutralize unwanted thoughts

38
Q

What are some cognitive treatments for OCD?

A

Educate
Point out misinterpretation of unwanted thoughts
Explore excessive sense of responsibility
Neutralize acts that produce symptoms

39
Q

Describe the biological perspective of OCD?

A

Low activity of serotonin (may be a neuromodulator)

Damage to certain areas of the brain (orbitofrontal and cingulate cortex, thalamus, amygdala) may cause some symptoms

40
Q

What are some biological treatments for OCD?

A

Antidepressants, which will help obsessions and compulsions disappear in 8 weeks.

41
Q

Name 4 other OCD related disorders

A

Hoarding
Trichotillomania (hair pulling)
Excoriation (skin picking)
Body dysmorphic disorder

Abnormal Psychology (9 decks)

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