Ch. 5

Question 1

an important area of science concerned with the amount of heat absorbed or released during chemical and physical changes

Answer 1

thermochemistry

Question 2

_____ can be defined as the capacity to supply heat or do work.

Answer 2

energy

Question 3

One type of ______ is the process of causing matter to move against an opposing force.

Answer 3

work (w)

Question 4

the energy an object has because of its relative position, composition, or condition,

Answer 4

potential energy

Question 5

the energy that an object possesses because of its motion.

Answer 5

kinetic energy

Question 6

_____ energy is kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules.

Answer 6

thermal

Question 7

_____ is a quantitative measure of “hot” or “cold.”

Answer 7

temperature

Question 8

_____ is the transfer of thermal energy between two bodies at different temperatures.

Answer 8

heat (q)

Question 9

A change that releases heat is called an _____ process

Answer 9

exothermic

Question 10

A reaction or change that absorbs heat is an ______ process

Answer 10

endothermic

Question 11

A ______ is the amount of energy required to raise one gram of water by 1 degree C (1 kelvin).

Answer 11

calorie (cal);

1 calorie = 4.184 J

Question 12

A _____ is defined as the amount of energy used when a force of 1 newton moves an object 1 meter.

Answer 12

joule (J);
1 calorie = 4.184 J
1 kJ = 1000 J
1 J = 1 kg m^2/s^2

Question 13

The _____ _____ of a body of matter is the quantity of heat (q) it absorbs or releases when it experiences a temperature change (ΔT) of 1 degree Celsius (or equivalently, 1 kelvin):

Answer 13

heat capacity (C)

Question 14

Heat capacity is determined by ….

Answer 14

both the type and amount of substance that absorbs or releases heat. It is therefore an extensive property—its value is proportional to the amount of the substance.

Question 15

equation relating heat capacity (C), heat (q), and change in temperature (Δ𝑇)

Answer 15

𝐶=𝑞/Δ𝑇

C= J/degrees C

Question 16

The ___ ____ _____ of a substance is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius (or 1 kelvin):

Answer 16

specific heat capacity (c)

Question 17

Specific heat capacity depends on

Answer 17

only the kind of substance absorbing or releasing heat. It is an intensive property—the type, but not the amount, of the substance is all that matters.

Question 18

equation relating specific heat (c), heat (q), mass (m), and change in temperature (ΔT)

Answer 18

𝑐=𝑞/mΔT

c= J/g degrees C

Question 19

The ___ ___ ___ is the heat capacity per mole of a particular substance and has units of J/mol °C

Answer 19

molar heat capacity, also an intensive property,

Question 20

Specific heat of water

Answer 20

4.184 J/g degrees C

Question 21

_____ is used to measure amounts of heat transferred to or from a substance.

Answer 21

Calorimetry

Question 22

The measurement of heat transfer using this approach requires the definition of a ____ (the substance or substances undergoing the chemical or physical change) and its _______ (all other matter, including components of the measurement apparatus, that serve to either provide heat to the system or absorb heat from the system).

Answer 22

system; surroundings

Question 23

A ____ is a device used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process.

Answer 23

calorimeter

Question 24

A _____ is used to measure the energy produced by reactions that yield large amounts of heat and gaseous products, such as combustion reactions.

Answer 24

bomb calorimeter

Question 25

equation to find heat of a reaction

Answer 25

q(rxn) = -q(soln) | = - (c x m x deltaT)

Question 26

equation for bomb calorimetry

Answer 26

q(rxn) = - [(c x m x deltaT(water)) + (c x deltaT(bomb)]

Question 27

A ____ ____ is the energy unit used to quantify the amount of energy derived from the metabolism of foods;

Answer 27

nutritional calorie (Calorie); one Calorie is equal to 1000 calories (1 kcal), the amount of energy needed to heat 1 kg of water by 1 °C. 1 calorie (cal) = 4.184 J

Question 28

``` protein = _ Calories/g carbs = _ Calories/g fat = _ Calories/g ```

Answer 28

4 4 9

Question 29

____ _____ is the science that deals with the relationships between heat, work, and other forms of energy in the context of chemical and physical processes.

Answer 29

chemical thermodynamics

Question 30

The total of all possible kinds of energy present in a substance is called the _____ _____

Answer 30

internal energy (U), sometimes symbolized as E.

Question 31

The relationship between internal energy, heat, and work can be represented by the equation:

Answer 31

Δ𝑈=𝑞+𝑤

Question 32

A type of work called ___ ___ occurs when a system pushes back the surroundings against a restraining pressure, or when the surroundings compress the system.

Answer 32

expansion work (or pressure-volume work)

Question 33

Internal energy is an example of a ___ ___ because the value depends only on the state that a system is in, and not on how that state is reached.

Answer 33

state function (or state variable), whereas heat and work are not state functions.

Question 34

___ ___ ___ ___ is the enthalpy change when 1 mole of a substance burns (combines vigorously with oxygen) under standard state conditions;

Answer 34

Standard enthalpy of combustion (Δ𝐻°𝐶)