Ch. 1

Question 1

the study of the composition, properties, and interactions of matter.

Answer 1

chemistry

Question 2

a tentative explanation of observations that acts as a guide for gathering and checking information.

Answer 2

hypothesis

Question 3

___ of science summarize a vast number of experimental observations, and describe or predict some facet of the natural world.

Answer 3

laws

Question 4

well-substantiated, comprehensive, testable explanations of particular aspects of nature.

Answer 4

theories

Question 5

The path of discovery that leads from question and observation to law or hypothesis to theory, combined with experimental verification of the hypothesis and any necessary modification of the theory,

Answer 5

the scientific method

Question 6

The ______ domain is the realm of everyday things that are large enough to be sensed directly by human sight or touch. It includes everyday and laboratory chemistry, where we observe and measure physical and chemical properties such as density, solubility, and flammability.

Answer 6

macroscopic

Question 7

most of the subjects in the ______ domain of chemistry are too small to be seen even with the most advanced microscopes and may only be pictured in the mind. Other components of this domain include ions and electrons, protons and neutrons, and chemical bonds,

Answer 7

microscopic

Question 8

The _____ domain contains the specialized language used to represent components of the macroscopic and microscopic domains. Chemical symbols (such as those used in the periodic table), chemical formulas, and chemical equations are part of this domain, as are graphs, drawings, and calculations. These symbols play an important role in chemistry because they help interpret the behavior of the macroscopic domain in terms of the components of the microscopic domain.

Answer 8

symbolic

Question 9

anything that occupies space and has mass,

Answer 9

matter

Question 10

four states of matter:

Answer 10

solid, liquid, gaseous, plasma

Question 11

_____ matter: atoms or molecules are in fixed/rigid locations. Fixed volume & fix shape.

Answer 11

solid

Question 12

_____ matter: atoms or molecules are free to move relative to each other. Fixed volume, but not a fixed shape. Assume the shape of their container.

Answer 12

liquid

Question 13

_____ matter: atoms or molecules have space between them and are free to move relative to one another. Always assume the shape and volume of their container.

Answer 13

gaseous

Question 14

______ matter: a gaseous state that contains appreciable numbers of electrically charged particles; occurs naturally in the interior of stars

Answer 14

plasma

Question 15

The ____ of an object is a measure of the amount of matter in it.

Answer 15

mass

Question 16

_____ refers to the force that gravity exerts on an object. This force is directly proportional to the mass of the object. The ____ of an object changes as the force of gravity changes, but its mass does not.

Answer 16

weight

Question 17

The ________ states that there is no detectable change in the total quantity of matter present when matter converts from one type to another (a chemical change) or changes among solid, liquid, or gaseous states (a physical change)

Answer 17

law of conservation of matter

Question 18

A _________ has a constant composition. All specimens of a _______ have exactly the same makeup and properties.

Answer 18

pure substance

Question 19

1-A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical changes is a/an ______.

Answer 19

element

Question 20

Pure substances that can be broken down by chemical changes are called _____.

Answer 20

compounds

Question 21

A _____ is composed of two or more types of matter that can be present in varying amounts and can be separated by physical changes, such as evaporation

Answer 21

mixture

Question 22

A mixture with a composition that varies from point to point is called a ______ mixture

Answer 22

heterogeneous; ex. Italian dressing

Question 23

A ______ mixture, also called a _____, exhibits a uniform composition and appears visually the same throughout.

Answer 23

homogeneous; solution; ex. sports drink

Question 24

the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element and can enter into a chemical combination.

Answer 24

atom

Question 25

A ______ consists of two or more atoms joined by strong forces called chemical bonds.

Answer 25

molecule. A molecule may consist of two or more identical atoms, as in the molecules found in the elements hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or it may consist of two or more different atoms, as in the molecules found in water.

Question 26

A _____ property is a characteristic of matter that is not associated with a change in its chemical composition. Familiar examples include density, color, hardness, melting and boiling points, and electrical conductivity.

Answer 26

physical

Question 27

A _____ change is a change in the state or properties of matter without any accompanying change in the chemical identities of the substances contained in the matter.

Answer 27

physical

Question 28

The change of one type of matter into another type (or the inability to change) is a ______ property. Examples include flammability, toxicity, acidity, and many other types of reactivity.

Answer 28

chemical

Question 29

A _____ change always produces one or more types of matter that differ from the matter present before the change.

Answer 29

chemical

Question 30

If the property depends on the amount of matter present, it is an ______ property. The mass and volume of a substance are examples.

Answer 30

extensive

Question 31

If the property of a sample of matter does not depend on the amount of matter present, it is an ______ property. Temperature is an example.

Answer 31

intensive

Question 32

A ____ is a standard of comparison for measurements.

Answer 32

unit

Question 33

The unit system used by scientists, which is based on the metric system, is called the _______.

Answer 33

SI Units/International System of Units

Question 34

``` SI base units: length: mass: time: temperature: amount of substance: ```

Answer 34

``` meter (m) kilogram (kg) second (s) Kelvin (K) mole (mol) ```

Question 35

Water freezes at ____ K (___ °C) (___F) and boils at ____ K (___ °C) (___F)

Answer 35

273. 15 K & 0 C & 32 F | 373. 15 K & 100 C & 212 F

Question 36

_____ is the measure of the amount of space occupied by an object.

Answer 36

Volume

Question 37

The standard volume is a _____

Answer 37

cubic meter (m3)

Question 38

A cubic centimeter is equivalent to a _____

Answer 38

milliliter (mL)

Question 39

The _____ of a substance is the ratio of the mass of a sample of the substance to its volume.

Answer 39

density; SI unit is kg/cubic meter (m^3); | density of water = 1 g/mL

Question 40

density =

Answer 40

mass/volume

Question 41

An ____ number is free from uncertainty.

Answer 41

exact

Question 42

Absolute zero =

Answer 42

0 Kelvin or -273.15 C

Question 43

C -> K | K=

Answer 43

K= C + 273.15

Question 44

C -> F | F=

Answer 44

F= (C x 1.8) +32

Question 45

2-What is the answer to 100.1 + 8.999 - 0.01, reported with the correct number of significant figures?

Answer 45

109.1

Question 46

3-Which of the following is a physical change? 1) a garden tool rusting 2) condensation forming on a window 3) toast burning 4) combustion of gasoline in a car

Answer 46

2) condensation forming on a window

Question 47

4-How many milligrams are in 405 kg?

Answer 47

4.05 x10^8 mg

Question 48

5- A liquid... 1) has fixed shape and volume 2) takes shape of a container and forms a horizontal upper surface 3) expands to completely fill a container 4) is rigid and has a definite shape

Answer 48

2) takes shape of a container and forms a horizontal upper surface

Question 49

6-What is the answer to 5.763 x 0.111 / 1.2, reported to the correct number of sig figs?

Answer 49

0.53

Question 50

7-The density of copper is 8.96g/cm^3. What is the volume in cm^3 of 1.35 pounds of copper?

Answer 50

68.3 cm^3

Question 51

8-When multiplying or dividing measurements... 1) the number of sig figs in the answer will equal the fewest sig figs in a number in the calculation 2) the number of sig figs in the answer will equal the greatest sig figs in a number in the calculation 3) the number of decimal places in the answer will equal the fewest decimal places in a number in the calculation 4) the number of decimal places in the answer will equal the greatest decimal places in a number in the calculation

Answer 51

1) number of sig figs in the answer will equal the fewest sig figs in a number in the calculation

Question 52

9-a comprehensive, testable explanation that explains a large body of experimental data is a/an

Answer 52

theory

Question 53

10- a class-A 10 mL pipette is supposed to dispense 10.00 mL of water. A lab technician makes three measurements of the volume that the pipette actually dispenses, and obtains volumes of 10.21 mL, 9.73 mL, and 10.14 mL. The pipette is: 1) accurate, but not precise 2) precise, but not accurate 3) accurate and precise 4) neither accurate or precise

Answer 53

4) neither accurate or precise