Ch. 2 Flashcards
1-A proton…
1) is part of an atom’s nucleus and has a positive charge
2) is part of an atom’s nucleus and has a negative charge
3) is part of an atom’s nucleus and has no charge
4) is outside an atom’s nucleus and has a negative charge
1) is part of an atom’s nucleus and has a positive charge
2- The three naturally occurring isotopes of neutrally charged magnesium atoms have….
1) the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons
2) the same number of protons, but different numbers of electrons
3) the same number of electrons, but different numbers of protons
4) the same number of neutrons, but different numbers of electrons
1) the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons
3-an anion is formed when an atom or molecule…
1) gains an electron, resulting in a negative charge
2) loses an electron, resulting in a negative charge
3) gains an electron, resulting in a positive charge
4) loses an electron, resulting in a positive charge
1) gains an electron, resulting in a negative charge
4- isomers have…
1) the same chemical formula, but different chemical properties
2) the same chemical formula, and identical chemical properties
3) different chemical formulas, but the same chemical properties
4) different chemical formulas, and different chemical properties
1) the same chemical formula, but different chemical properties
5-An ion of vanadium has a mass number of 51 and contains 18 electrons. How many protons and neutrons does it contain, and what is its charge?
1) 23 protons, 28 neutrons, charge is +5
2) 23 protons, 18 neutrons, charge is +5
3) 18 protons, 33 neutrons, charge is 0
4) 51 protons, 18 neutrons, charge is 0
1) 23 protons, 28 neutrons, charge is +5
6- ^44Ca has
1) 44 protons
2) 24 neutrons
3) 22 protons
4) 44 electrons
2) 24 neutrons
7-Boron has an average atomic mass of 10.81 amu and has two naturally occurring isotopes. The most abundant isotope has 5 protons and 6 neutrons, so the less abundant isotope must have…
1) more than 5 protons
2) more than 6 neutrons
3) less than 5 protons
4) less than 6 neutrons
4) less than 6 neutrons
8-Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol that is commonly used to sweeten “sugar-free” foods, though it still has the same number of calories per gram as regular sugars. A molecule of sorbitol has 6 carbon atoms, 14 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms. What is the empirical formula of sorbitol?
1) C3H7O3
2) C6H14O6
3) CHO
4) CH2.33O
1)C3H7O3
9-Oleic acid, the most abundant fatty acid in olive oil, has a molecular formula of C18H34O2. How many hydrogen atoms are in oleic acid?
1) 18
2) 34
3) 2
4) 54
2) 34
10-Analysis of GISP shows that it is 0.012624% ^2H (mass 2.01410 amu) and the remainder is ^1H (mass 1.00782 amu). What is the average mass of GISP?
1.00795 amu
11-Potassium is most likely to
1) lose 2 electrons to form an ion with a +2 charge
2) lose 1 electron to form an ion with a +1 charge
3) gain 1 electron to form an ion with a -1 charge
4) gain 2 electrons to form an ion with a -2 charge
2) lose 1 electron to form an ion with a +1 charge
12-Chlorine is most likely to
1) lose 2 electrons to form an ion with a +2 charge
2) lose 1 electron to form an ion with a +1 charge
3) gain 1 electron to form an ion with a -1 charge
4) gain 2 electrons to form an ion with a -2 charge
3) gain 1 electron to form an ion with a -1 charge
13-Covalent bonds
1) are formed when electrons are transferred between atoms and ions form
2) are formed when electrons are shared between atoms
3) result from the electrostatic attraction between cations and anions
4) can always be predicted by the positions of a compound’s elements on the periodic table
2) are formed when electrons are shared between atoms
14-How many ions of calcium and chlorine does each molecule of calcium chloride contain?
1) 1 calcium ion, 2 chlorine ions
2) 1 calcium ion, 1 chlorine ion
3) 2 calcium ions, 1 chlorine ion
4) 2 calcium ions, 2 chlorine ions
1) 1 calcium ion, 2 chlorine ions
15- How many potassium ions and sulfate ions does each molecule of potassium sulfate contain?
1) 1 K ion, 2 sulfate ions
2) 1 K ion, 1 sulfate ion
3) 2 K ions, 1 sulfate ion
4) 2 K ions, 2 sulfate ions
3) 2 K ions, 1 sulfate ion
16- ionic compounds
1) are typically formed between a metal element and a non-metal element
2) are typically formed between two non-metal elements
3) are typically formed between two metal elements
4) have an overall positive or negative charge
1) are typically formed between a metal element and a non-metal element
17- What is the chemical name of this compound: BaSO4
1) barium sulfate
2) barium sulfide
3) barium sulfite
4) barium sulfur tetraoxide
1) barium sulfate
18- What is the formula for copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate?
1) CuSO4 . 5H20
2) Cu(SO4)2 . 5H20
3) Cu2So4 . 5H20
4) Cu(SO3)2 . 5H20
1) CuSO4 . 5H20
19- What is the name of N2O3?
1) dinitrogen trioxide
2) nitrogen trioxide
3) nitric oxide
4) dinitrogen oxide
1) dinitrogen trioxide
20-What is the name of B2O3?
1) diboron trioxide
2) boron trioxide
3) boric oxide
4) diboron oxide
1) diboron trioxide
- Matter is composed of exceedingly small particles called atoms. An atom is the smallest unit of an element that can participate in a chemical change.
- An element consists of only one type of atom, which has a mass that is characteristic of the element and is the same for all atoms of that element. A macroscopic sample of an element contains an incredibly large number of atoms, all of which have identical chemical properties.
- Atoms of one element differ in properties from atoms of all other elements.
- A compound consists of atoms of two or more elements combined in a small, whole-number ratio. In a given compound, the numbers of atoms of each of its elements are always present in the same ratio
- Atoms are neither created nor destroyed during a chemical change, but are instead rearranged to yield substances that are different from those present before the change.
Dalton’s atomic theory
Joseph Proust, demonstrated that all samples of a pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportion by mass. This statement is know as the _______.
law of definite proportions OR the law of constant composition.
The ______ states that when two elements react to form more than one compound, a fixed mass of one element will react with masses of the other element in a ratio of small, whole numbers
law of multiple proportions
a negatively charged, subatomic particle with a mass more than one thousand-times less that of an atom.
electron
