Ch 5, 7 Flashcards
1
Q
What is Anticipatory Socialization?
A
When we prepare for future roles
2
Q
What are some examples of anticipatory socialization?
A
-a couple lives together before marriage - a couple reading infant books
3
Q
what is it called when we prepare for future roles?
A
Anticipatory Socialization
4
Q
What is “degradation ceremony”?
A
The process by which new members of a total institution lose aspects of their old identity and are given new ones
5
Q
Define ‘generalized other’
A
the common behavioral expectations of a general society
6
Q
define ‘hidden curriculum’
A
the informal teaching done in schools that socializes children to societal norms
7
Q
the informal teaching done in schools that socializes children to societal norms….
A
hidden curriculum
8
Q
define ‘Moral Development’
A
the way people learn what is good and bad in a society
9
Q
the way people learn what is good and bad in a society…
A
moral development
10
Q
define ‘nature’
A
the influence of our genetic makeup on self-development
11
Q
the influence of our genetic makeup on self-development…
A
nature
12
Q
define ‘peer group’
A
a group made up of people who are similar in age and social status and who share interests
13
Q
a group made up of people who are similar in age and social status and who share interests…
A
‘peer group’
14
Q
define ‘resocialization’
A
the process by which old behaviors are removed and new behaviors are learned in their place
15
Q
the process by which old behaviors are removed and new behaviors are learned in their place…
A
‘resocialization’
16
Q
define ‘gender socialization’
A
societal expectations of how boys and girls should be - how they should behave, what toys and colors they should like, and how important their attire is
17
Q
gener roles - define
A
society’s concept of how men and women are expected to act and how to behave
18
Q
what happens when no socialization occurs?
A
people don’t know how to live
19
Q
what were the harlow experiments, and what was learned?
A
the metal/cloth monkey experiment, and comfort is important
20
Q
what is the ‘self’?
A
a person’s distinct identity that is developed through social interaction
21
Q
socialization - define
A
the process wherein people come to understand societal norms and expectations, accept society’s beliefs, and to be aware of social values
22
Q
what are agents of socialization?
A
- family 2. peer groups
23
Q
- family 2. peer groups are what?
A
‘agents of socialization’
24
Q
What are institutional agents of socialization?
A
- schools 2. workplace 3. government 4. religion 5. mass media
25
what are the psychological theories of self development?
-Psychosexual - Sigmund Freud -8 stages of development - Erik Erikson -child perspective and worldview - Jean Piaget
26
what are the sociological theories of self development?
-Charles Cooley - look glass self -George Herbert Mead -Kohlberg's theory of moral development -Gilligan's theory of moral development
27
Who came up with 'control theory'?
Travis Hirschi
28
what is control theory?
theory that states social control is directly affected by the strength of social bonds and that deviance results from a feeling of disconnection from society
29
'corporate crime' - define
crime committed by white-collar workers in a business enviorement
30
'corrections system' - define
the system tasked with supervising individuals who have been arrested for, convicted of, or sentenced for criminal offenses
31
'Court' - define
a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law
32
'Criminal Justice System' - define
an organization that exists to enforce a legal code
33
'cultural deviance thoery' -
theory that suggests conformity to the prevailing cultural norms of lower-class society causes crime
34
deviance - define
a violation of contextual, cultural, or social norms
35
differential association - define
theory that states individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance
36
formal sanctions - define
sanctions that are officially recognized and enforced
37
hate crimes - define
attacks based on a person’s race, religion, or other characteristics
38
informal sanctions - define
sanctions that occur in face-to-face interactions
39
labeling theory - define
the ascribing of a deviant behavior to another person by members of society
40
legal codes - define
codes that maintain formal social control through laws
41
master status - define
a label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual
42
negative sanctions - define
punishments for violating norms
43
nonviolent crime - define
crimes that involve the destruction or theft of property, but do not use force or the threat of force
44
Police - define
a civil force in charge of regulating laws and public order at a federal, state, or community level
45
positive sanctions-define
rewards given for conforming to norms
46
power elite - define
a small group of wealthy and influential people at the top of society who hold the power and resources
47
primary deviance - define
a violation of norms that does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others
48
sanctions - define
the means of enforcing rules
49
secondary deviance - define
occurs when a person’s self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society
50
Self-report study - define
collection of data acquired using voluntary response methods, such as questionnaires or telephone interviews
51
social control - define
the regulation and enforcement of norms
52
social order - define
an arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society’s members base their daily lives
53
social disorganization theory - define
theory that asserts crime occurs in communities with weak social ties and the absence of social control
54
strain theory - define
theory that addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals
55
what are the 5 ways we adapt, according to strain theory?
1. conformity 2. Innovation 3. ritualism 4. retreatism 5. rebellion
56
street crime - define
crime committed by average people against other people or organizations, usually in public spaces
57
victimless crime - define
activities against the law, but that do not result in injury to any individual other than the person who engages in them
58
violent crime - define
crimes based on the use of force or the threat of force
59
what are the 4 types of social bonds?
1. attachment to people 2. commitment - refers to the investments we make in a community 3. involvement in the community 4. belief in agreement of social values
60
what are the three types of deviance?
1. Deviance clarifies moral boundaries and affirms norms 2. Deviance promotes social unity 3. Deviance promotes social change
61
When we prepare for future roles
What is Anticipatory Socialization?
62
-a couple lives together before marriage - a couple reading infant books
What are some examples of anticipatory socialization?
63
Anticipatory Socialization
what is it called when we prepare for future roles?
64
The process by which new members of a total institution lose aspects of their old identity and are given new ones
What is "degradation ceremony"?
65
the common behavioral expectations of a general society
Define 'generalized other'
66
the informal teaching done in schools that socializes children to societal norms
define 'hidden curriculum'
67
hidden curriculum
the informal teaching done in schools that socializes children to societal norms....
68
the way people learn what is good and bad in a society
define 'Moral Development'
69
moral development
the way people learn what is good and bad in a society...
70
the influence of our genetic makeup on self-development
define 'nature'
71
nature
the influence of our genetic makeup on self-development...
72
a group made up of people who are similar in age and social status and who share interests
define 'peer group'
73
'peer group'
a group made up of people who are similar in age and social status and who share interests...
74
the process by which old behaviors are removed and new behaviors are learned in their place
define 'resocialization'
75
'resocialization'
the process by which old behaviors are removed and new behaviors are learned in their place...
76
societal expectations of how boys and girls should be - how they should behave, what toys and colors they should like, and how important their attire is
define 'gender socialization'
77
society's concept of how men and women are expected to act and how to behave
gener roles - define
78
people don't know how to live
what happens when no socialization occurs?
79
the metal/cloth monkey experiment, and comfort is important
what were the harlow experiments, and what was learned?
80
a person’s distinct identity that is developed through social interaction
what is the 'self'?
81
the process wherein people come to understand societal norms and expectations, accept society's beliefs, and to be aware of social values
socialization - define
82
1. family 2. peer groups
what are agents of socialization?
83
'agents of socialization'
1. family 2. peer groups are what?
84
1. schools 2. workplace 3. government 4. religion 5. mass media
What are institutional agents of socialization?
85
-Psychosexual - Sigmund Freud -8 stages of development - Erik Erikson -child perspective and worldview - Jean Piaget
what are the psychological theories of self development?
86
-Charles Cooley - look glass self -George Herbert Mead -Kohlberg's theory of moral development -Gilligan's theory of moral development
what are the sociological theories of self development?
87
Travis Hirschi
Who came up with 'control theory'?
88
theory that states social control is directly affected by the strength of social bonds and that deviance results from a feeling of disconnection from society
what is control theory?
89
crime committed by white-collar workers in a business enviorement
'corporate crime' - define
90
the system tasked with supervising individuals who have been arrested for, convicted of, or sentenced for criminal offenses
'corrections system' - define
91
a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law
'Court' - define
92
an organization that exists to enforce a legal code
'Criminal Justice System' - define
93
theory that suggests conformity to the prevailing cultural norms of lower-class society causes crime
'cultural deviance thoery' -
94
a violation of contextual, cultural, or social norms
deviance - define
95
theory that states individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance
differential association - define
96
sanctions that are officially recognized and enforced
formal sanctions - define
97
attacks based on a person’s race, religion, or other characteristics
hate crimes - define
98
sanctions that occur in face-to-face interactions
informal sanctions - define
99
the ascribing of a deviant behavior to another person by members of society
labeling theory - define
100
codes that maintain formal social control through laws
legal codes - define
101
a label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual
master status - define
102
punishments for violating norms
negative sanctions - define
103
crimes that involve the destruction or theft of property, but do not use force or the threat of force
nonviolent crime - define
104
a civil force in charge of regulating laws and public order at a federal, state, or community level
Police - define
105
rewards given for conforming to norms
positive sanctions-define
106
a small group of wealthy and influential people at the top of society who hold the power and resources
power elite - define
107
a violation of norms that does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others
primary deviance - define
108
the means of enforcing rules
sanctions - define
109
occurs when a person’s self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society
secondary deviance - define
110
collection of data acquired using voluntary response methods, such as questionnaires or telephone interviews
Self-report study - define
111
the regulation and enforcement of norms
social control - define
112
an arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society’s members base their daily lives
social order - define
113
theory that asserts crime occurs in communities with weak social ties and the absence of social control
social disorganization theory - define
114
theory that addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals
strain theory - define
115
1. conformity 2. Innovation 3. ritualism 4. retreatism 5. rebellion
what are the 5 ways we adapt, according to strain theory?
116
crime committed by average people against other people or organizations, usually in public spaces
street crime - define
117
activities against the law, but that do not result in injury to any individual other than the person who engages in them
victimless crime - define
118
crimes based on the use of force or the threat of force
violent crime - define
119
1. attachment to people 2. commitment - refers to the investments we make in a community 3. involvement in the community 4. belief in agreement of social values
what are the 4 types of social bonds?
120
1. Deviance clarifies moral boundaries and affirms norms 2. Deviance promotes social unity 3. Deviance promotes social change
what are the three types of deviance?
