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Sociology > Ch 5, 7 > Flashcards

Ch 5, 7 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Anticipatory Socialization?

A

When we prepare for future roles

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2
Q

What are some examples of anticipatory socialization?

A

-a couple lives together before marriage - a couple reading infant books

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3
Q

what is it called when we prepare for future roles?

A

Anticipatory Socialization

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4
Q

What is “degradation ceremony”?

A

The process by which new members of a total institution lose aspects of their old identity and are given new ones

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5
Q

Define ‘generalized other’

A

the common behavioral expectations of a general society

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6
Q

define ‘hidden curriculum’

A

the informal teaching done in schools that socializes children to societal norms

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7
Q

the informal teaching done in schools that socializes children to societal norms….

A

hidden curriculum

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8
Q

define ‘Moral Development’

A

the way people learn what is good and bad in a society

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9
Q

the way people learn what is good and bad in a society…

A

moral development

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10
Q

define ‘nature’

A

the influence of our genetic makeup on self-development

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11
Q

the influence of our genetic makeup on self-development…

A

nature

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12
Q

define ‘peer group’

A

a group made up of people who are similar in age and social status and who share interests

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13
Q

a group made up of people who are similar in age and social status and who share interests…

A

‘peer group’

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14
Q

define ‘resocialization’

A

the process by which old behaviors are removed and new behaviors are learned in their place

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15
Q

the process by which old behaviors are removed and new behaviors are learned in their place…

A

‘resocialization’

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16
Q

define ‘gender socialization’

A

societal expectations of how boys and girls should be - how they should behave, what toys and colors they should like, and how important their attire is

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17
Q

gener roles - define

A

society’s concept of how men and women are expected to act and how to behave

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18
Q

what happens when no socialization occurs?

A

people don’t know how to live

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19
Q

what were the harlow experiments, and what was learned?

A

the metal/cloth monkey experiment, and comfort is important

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20
Q

what is the ‘self’?

A

a person’s distinct identity that is developed through social interaction

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21
Q

socialization - define

A

the process wherein people come to understand societal norms and expectations, accept society’s beliefs, and to be aware of social values

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22
Q

what are agents of socialization?

A
  1. family 2. peer groups
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23
Q
  1. family 2. peer groups are what?
A

‘agents of socialization’

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24
Q

What are institutional agents of socialization?

A
  1. schools 2. workplace 3. government 4. religion 5. mass media
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25
Q

what are the psychological theories of self development?

A

-Psychosexual - Sigmund Freud -8 stages of development - Erik Erikson -child perspective and worldview - Jean Piaget

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26
Q

what are the sociological theories of self development?

A

-Charles Cooley - look glass self -George Herbert Mead -Kohlberg’s theory of moral development -Gilligan’s theory of moral development

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27
Q

Who came up with ‘control theory’?

A

Travis Hirschi

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28
Q

what is control theory?

A

theory that states social control is directly affected by the strength of social bonds and that deviance results from a feeling of disconnection from society

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29
Q

‘corporate crime’ - define

A

crime committed by white-collar workers in a business enviorement

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30
Q

‘corrections system’ - define

A

the system tasked with supervising individuals who have been arrested for, convicted of, or sentenced for criminal offenses

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31
Q

‘Court’ - define

A

a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law

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32
Q

‘Criminal Justice System’ - define

A

an organization that exists to enforce a legal code

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33
Q

‘cultural deviance thoery’ -

A

theory that suggests conformity to the prevailing cultural norms of lower-class society causes crime

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34
Q

deviance - define

A

a violation of contextual, cultural, or social norms

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35
Q

differential association - define

A

theory that states individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance

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36
Q

formal sanctions - define

A

sanctions that are officially recognized and enforced

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37
Q

hate crimes - define

A

attacks based on a person’s race, religion, or other characteristics

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38
Q

informal sanctions - define

A

sanctions that occur in face-to-face interactions

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39
Q

labeling theory - define

A

the ascribing of a deviant behavior to another person by members of society

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40
Q

legal codes - define

A

codes that maintain formal social control through laws

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41
Q

master status - define

A

a label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual

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42
Q

negative sanctions - define

A

punishments for violating norms

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43
Q

nonviolent crime - define

A

crimes that involve the destruction or theft of property, but do not use force or the threat of force

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44
Q

Police - define

A

a civil force in charge of regulating laws and public order at a federal, state, or community level

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45
Q

positive sanctions-define

A

rewards given for conforming to norms

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46
Q

power elite - define

A

a small group of wealthy and influential people at the top of society who hold the power and resources

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47
Q

primary deviance - define

A

a violation of norms that does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others

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48
Q

sanctions - define

A

the means of enforcing rules

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49
Q

secondary deviance - define

A

occurs when a person’s self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society

50
Q

Self-report study - define

A

collection of data acquired using voluntary response methods, such as questionnaires or telephone interviews

51
Q

social control - define

A

the regulation and enforcement of norms

52
Q

social order - define

A

an arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society’s members base their daily lives

53
Q

social disorganization theory - define

A

theory that asserts crime occurs in communities with weak social ties and the absence of social control

54
Q

strain theory - define

A

theory that addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals

55
Q

what are the 5 ways we adapt, according to strain theory?

A
  1. conformity 2. Innovation 3. ritualism 4. retreatism 5. rebellion
56
Q

street crime - define

A

crime committed by average people against other people or organizations, usually in public spaces

57
Q

victimless crime - define

A

activities against the law, but that do not result in injury to any individual other than the person who engages in them

58
Q

violent crime - define

A

crimes based on the use of force or the threat of force

59
Q

what are the 4 types of social bonds?

A
  1. attachment to people 2. commitment - refers to the investments we make in a community 3. involvement in the community 4. belief in agreement of social values
60
Q

what are the three types of deviance?

A
  1. Deviance clarifies moral boundaries and affirms norms 2. Deviance promotes social unity 3. Deviance promotes social change
61
Q

When we prepare for future roles

A

What is Anticipatory Socialization?

62
Q

-a couple lives together before marriage - a couple reading infant books

A

What are some examples of anticipatory socialization?

63
Q

Anticipatory Socialization

A

what is it called when we prepare for future roles?

64
Q

The process by which new members of a total institution lose aspects of their old identity and are given new ones

A

What is “degradation ceremony”?

65
Q

the common behavioral expectations of a general society

A

Define ‘generalized other’

66
Q

the informal teaching done in schools that socializes children to societal norms

A

define ‘hidden curriculum’

67
Q

hidden curriculum

A

the informal teaching done in schools that socializes children to societal norms….

68
Q

the way people learn what is good and bad in a society

A

define ‘Moral Development’

69
Q

moral development

A

the way people learn what is good and bad in a society…

70
Q

the influence of our genetic makeup on self-development

A

define ‘nature’

71
Q

nature

A

the influence of our genetic makeup on self-development…

72
Q

a group made up of people who are similar in age and social status and who share interests

A

define ‘peer group’

73
Q

‘peer group’

A

a group made up of people who are similar in age and social status and who share interests…

74
Q

the process by which old behaviors are removed and new behaviors are learned in their place

A

define ‘resocialization’

75
Q

‘resocialization’

A

the process by which old behaviors are removed and new behaviors are learned in their place…

76
Q

societal expectations of how boys and girls should be - how they should behave, what toys and colors they should like, and how important their attire is

A

define ‘gender socialization’

77
Q

society’s concept of how men and women are expected to act and how to behave

A

gener roles - define

78
Q

people don’t know how to live

A

what happens when no socialization occurs?

79
Q

the metal/cloth monkey experiment, and comfort is important

A

what were the harlow experiments, and what was learned?

80
Q

a person’s distinct identity that is developed through social interaction

A

what is the ‘self’?

81
Q

the process wherein people come to understand societal norms and expectations, accept society’s beliefs, and to be aware of social values

A

socialization - define

82
Q
  1. family 2. peer groups
A

what are agents of socialization?

83
Q

‘agents of socialization’

A
  1. family 2. peer groups are what?
84
Q
  1. schools 2. workplace 3. government 4. religion 5. mass media
A

What are institutional agents of socialization?

85
Q

-Psychosexual - Sigmund Freud -8 stages of development - Erik Erikson -child perspective and worldview - Jean Piaget

A

what are the psychological theories of self development?

86
Q

-Charles Cooley - look glass self -George Herbert Mead -Kohlberg’s theory of moral development -Gilligan’s theory of moral development

A

what are the sociological theories of self development?

87
Q

Travis Hirschi

A

Who came up with ‘control theory’?

88
Q

theory that states social control is directly affected by the strength of social bonds and that deviance results from a feeling of disconnection from society

A

what is control theory?

89
Q

crime committed by white-collar workers in a business enviorement

A

‘corporate crime’ - define

90
Q

the system tasked with supervising individuals who have been arrested for, convicted of, or sentenced for criminal offenses

A

‘corrections system’ - define

91
Q

a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law

A

‘Court’ - define

92
Q

an organization that exists to enforce a legal code

A

‘Criminal Justice System’ - define

93
Q

theory that suggests conformity to the prevailing cultural norms of lower-class society causes crime

A

‘cultural deviance thoery’ -

94
Q

a violation of contextual, cultural, or social norms

A

deviance - define

95
Q

theory that states individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance

A

differential association - define

96
Q

sanctions that are officially recognized and enforced

A

formal sanctions - define

97
Q

attacks based on a person’s race, religion, or other characteristics

A

hate crimes - define

98
Q

sanctions that occur in face-to-face interactions

A

informal sanctions - define

99
Q

the ascribing of a deviant behavior to another person by members of society

A

labeling theory - define

100
Q

codes that maintain formal social control through laws

A

legal codes - define

101
Q

a label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual

A

master status - define

102
Q

punishments for violating norms

A

negative sanctions - define

103
Q

crimes that involve the destruction or theft of property, but do not use force or the threat of force

A

nonviolent crime - define

104
Q

a civil force in charge of regulating laws and public order at a federal, state, or community level

A

Police - define

105
Q

rewards given for conforming to norms

A

positive sanctions-define

106
Q

a small group of wealthy and influential people at the top of society who hold the power and resources

A

power elite - define

107
Q

a violation of norms that does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others

A

primary deviance - define

108
Q

the means of enforcing rules

A

sanctions - define

109
Q

occurs when a person’s self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society

A

secondary deviance - define

110
Q

collection of data acquired using voluntary response methods, such as questionnaires or telephone interviews

A

Self-report study - define

111
Q

the regulation and enforcement of norms

A

social control - define

112
Q

an arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society’s members base their daily lives

A

social order - define

113
Q

theory that asserts crime occurs in communities with weak social ties and the absence of social control

A

social disorganization theory - define

114
Q

theory that addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals

A

strain theory - define

115
Q
  1. conformity 2. Innovation 3. ritualism 4. retreatism 5. rebellion
A

what are the 5 ways we adapt, according to strain theory?

116
Q

crime committed by average people against other people or organizations, usually in public spaces

A

street crime - define

117
Q

activities against the law, but that do not result in injury to any individual other than the person who engages in them

A

victimless crime - define

118
Q

crimes based on the use of force or the threat of force

A

violent crime - define

119
Q
  1. attachment to people 2. commitment - refers to the investments we make in a community 3. involvement in the community 4. belief in agreement of social values
A

what are the 4 types of social bonds?

120
Q
  1. Deviance clarifies moral boundaries and affirms norms 2. Deviance promotes social unity 3. Deviance promotes social change
A

what are the three types of deviance?

Sociology (4 decks)

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