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Biol 2420 SLCC > Ch 5 > Flashcards

Ch 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Cells need communication for what?

A

homeostasis

growth / development

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2
Q

What are the 2 ways cells communicate?

A

direct
-gap junctions
indirect (most common)
-chemical signals

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3
Q

what is a gap junction?

A

channel that links cytosol of two adjacent cells

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4
Q

How does a gap junction work?

A

electrical coupling of cells
-ions pass from one cell to the next
(cardiac muscle, smooth muscle)

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5
Q

How does indirect cell signaling work?

A

ligand attaches to a receptor and something happens

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6
Q

How are chemical messengers classified?

A

by function

by chemical properties

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7
Q

What are the chemical messenger function classifications?

A 
paracrine
-autocrine
NTs
hormones
-nuerohormones
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8
Q

What are the chemical messenger classifications for chemical properties?

A 
solubility (hydrophilic -phobic)
chemical class
-amino acids
-amines
-peptides/proteins
-steroids
-eicosanoids
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9
Q

How do paracrine cells work?

A

signal nearby cell
-travel by diffusion through ISF
(growth factors, clotting factors, cytokines, prostaglandins, histamine)

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10
Q

How do autocrines work?

A 
(subclass of paracrine)
signal self cell (auto = self)
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11
Q

NTs diffuse across what?

A

synaptic cleft

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12
Q

Hormones are messengers of what system?

A

endocrine

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13
Q

Hormones are secreted into the blood via

A

ISF

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14
Q

Hormones travel short or long short distances?

A

Long

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15
Q

What is a neurohormone?

A

hormone produced by neuron

  • hypothalamus
  • posterior pituitary
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16
Q

Class: Paracrine
Secretory type?
Distance to target cell?
Mode of transport?

A

several secretory types
short distance to target cell
transport by diffusion

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17
Q

Class: NTs
Secretory type?
Distance to target cell?
Mode of transport?

A

neuron secretory cell
short distance to target cell
transport by diffusion

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18
Q

Class: Hormone
Secretory type?
Distance to target cell?
Mode of transport?

A

endocrine secretory cell
long distance to target cell
transport by blood

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19
Q

Hydrophilic ligands include?

A

amino acids

  • amines (except thyroid hormones)
  • peptides/proteins
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20
Q

Hydrophilic ligands are stored in?

A

vescicles

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21
Q

Hydrophilic ligands are released by?

A

exocytosis

22
Q

How are hydrophilic hormones transported in the blood?

A

travel on their own

23
Q

Where are the receptors located on the target cell for hydrophilic ligands?

A

on the surface

24
Q

What is usually the target cell response for hydrophylic ligands?

A 
enzyme activation (on/off)
membrane permeability changes (open close channels)
25
For hydrophilic ligands: does target cell response happen quickly or slowly? is the response short-lived or long lasting?
fast | short-lived
26
Hydrophobic ligands are stored in?
not stored, just diffuse through membrane
27
Hydrophobic ligands are released by ?
diffusion
28
How are hydrophobic hormones transported in the blood?
carrier protein
29
Where are the receptors located on the target cell for hydrophobic ligands?
inside the cell - cytoplasm - nucleus
30
What is usually the target cell response for hydrophobic ligands?
gene activation
31
For hydrophobic ligands: does target cell response happen quickly or slowly? is the response short-lived or long lasting?
slowly | long lasting
32
what are the types of hydrophobic ligands?
steroids eicosanoids thyroid hormone
33
Why do hydrophilic hormones have a shorter half-life than hydrophobic hormones?
no carrier protein (no safe zones)
34
``` Amino acids function as what? Therefore: -Their solubility is? -Receptors for amino acids are located where on the cell? -They are stored in? and released by? ```
Nts hydrophilic surface vesicles, exocytosis
35
examples of amino acid ligands are
glutamate aspartate glycine GABA
36
``` Amines function as what? Therefore: -Their solubility is? -Receptors for amino acids are located where on the cell? -They are stored in? and released by? ```
NTs, hormones, paracrines hydrophilic surface vesicles, exocytosis
37
``` Catecholamines -dopamine -norep / ep Thyroid hormones Histamine Seratonin Melatonin are all examples of what? and are all hydrophilic except for? ```
Amines | Thyroid hormones
38
peptide and protein messengers function as what? Therefore: -Their solubility is? -Receptors for amino acids are located where on the cell? -They are stored in? and released by?
NTs, hormones, paracrines hydrophilic surface vesicles, exocytosis
39
Peptide/protein messengers are formed how?
by cleaving larger proteins - prepropeptide - -propeptide - --peptide
40
``` Steroid hormones are made from what? Therefore: -Their solubility is? -Receptors for amino acids are located where on the cell? -They are stored in? and released by? ```
cholesterol hydrophobic inside the cell (cytosol / nucleus) not stored, released by diffusion
41
estrogens, progesterone, testosterone, cortisol, aldosterone, and V-D3 are examples of what?
Steroid hormones
42
``` Eicosanoids are made from what? Therefore: -Their solubility is? -Receptors for amino acids are located where on the cell? -They are stored in? and released by? ```
arachidonic acid (plasma membrane phospholipid) hydrophobic inside the cell (cytosol / nucleus) not stored, released by diffusion
43
prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, prostacyclins are all examples of what?
Eicosanoids
44
What are the 2 major synthetic eicosanoid pathways?
COX (1 and 2) | LOX
45
NSAIDS affect what pathway?
COX 1 and 2
46
by blocking COX 1, what do NSAIDS do?
lower blood clotting factors increase stomach ulcers kidney issues
47
by blocking COX 2, what doe NSAIDS do?
lower inflammation | lower pain
48
Class: amino acids solubility? location of receptors on target cell? Functional classification?
hydrophilic plasma membrane NTs
49
Class: amines solubility? location of receptors on target cell? Functional classification?
hydrophilic plasma membrane paracrines, NTs, hormones
50
Class: peptides / proteins solubility? location of receptors on target cell? Functional classification?
hydrophilic plasma membrane paracrines, NTs, hormones
51
Class: steroids solubility? location of receptors on target cell? Functional classification?
hydrophobic cytosol / nucleus hormones
52
Class: eicosanoids solubility? location of receptors on target cell? Functional classification?
hydrophobic cytosol / nucleus hormones

Biol 2420 SLCC (7 decks)

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