Ch. 5

Question 1

When laser light is incident on the sensing material in an OSL dosimeter, the material…

Answer 1

becomes luminescent in proportion to the amount of radiation exposure received.

Question 2

Which of the following chemicals functions as the sensing material in a thermoluminescent dosimeter?

Answer 2

Lithium Fluoride

Question 3

During routine radiograph procedures, when a protective apron is NOT being worn, the primary personnel dosimeter should be attached to the clothing on the front of the body at…

Answer 3

collar level to approximate the maximum radiation dose to the thyroid, head, and neck.

Question 4

Which of the following requirements should radiation survey instruments fulfill?

Answer 4

1) Instruments must be reliable by accurately recording exposure or exposure rate.
2) Instruments must be durable enough to withstand normal use.
3) Instruments should interface with ionizing radiation in a manner similar to the way in which human tissue interacts,

Question 5

During diagnostic imaging procedures, how should the radiation dose to the abdomen of a pregnant radiographer be monitored during gestations?

Answer 5

It should be obtained from a second radiation monitor worn at abdominal level.

Question 6

When a radiologic procedure requires the hands of a radiation worker to be near the primary beam, the equivalent dose to the hands of that individual may be determined through he use of:

Answer 6

a TLD ring badge worn on the hand of the radiation worker

Question 7

Which of the following instruments is used to calibrate radiographic and fluoroscopic x-ray equipment?

Answer 7

Ionization Chamber with Electrometer

Question 8

For x-ray and gamma ray photons with energies from 5 kEv to in excess of 40 Mev, the ____ gives an accurate reading as low as 1mrem.

Answer 8

OSL Dosimeter

Question 9

Which of the following instruments should be used to locate a lost radioactive source or detect low-level radioactive contamination?

Answer 9

GM Detector

Question 10

Which of the following instruments should be used in an x-ray installation to assess fluoroscopic scatter radiation exposure rate?

Answer 10

Ionization Chamber with Electrometer

Question 11

Which of the following chemicals functions as the sensing material in an OSL?

Answer 11

Aluminum Oxide

Question 12

Which of the following interacts with ionizing radiation more like human tissue?

Answer 12

thermoluminescent dosimeter

Question 13

Occupational exposure can be determined on the day of occurrence with an OSL.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

What is the purpose of the filters in a film badge?

Answer 14

Filters of Al or Copper allow the measurement of approx energies of radiation reaching dosimeter. Also help determine whether exposure occurred while badge was stationary or moving, and whether it was exposed from the front or back.

Question 15

The wearer’s SS# must be included on the personnel monitoring report.

Answer 15

On original but not on one with initials.

Question 16

Is there a permanent, legal record of exposure with a Pocket Ionization Chamber?

Answer 16

No

Question 17

Personnel monitoring is __1__ for any person occupationally exposed regularly to ionizing radiation. It is __2__ whenever radiation workers are likely to risk receiving __3__ or more annual occupational EfD of 50 mSv (__4__ Rem) in single year as a consequence of work related activities.

Answer 17

1) recommended
2) required
3) 10%
4) 5

Question 18

In keeping with the __1__ Concept, most HC facilities issue dosimeters when personnel might receive __2__ of the annual occupational EfD monthly limit, or appr. 0.5 Sv (__3__) mRem).

Answer 18

1) ALARA
2) 1%
3) 50

Question 19

__1__- provides an indication of working HABITS and working conditions of diagnostic imaging personnel. It determines exposure by detecting and measuring __2__ of radiation to which dosimeter has been exposed over a period of time. It does __3__ protect the wearer from radiation.

Answer 19

1) Purpose of Personnel Dosimeter
2) Quantity
3) NOT

Question 20

__1__- a dosimeter records only the exposure received in the __2__ where the device is worn. During routine CR and DR, when an apron is __3__ being used, primary personnel dosimeter should be attached to clothing on front of body at __4__ level to approximate the location of maximal radiation dose to __5__, head, and neck.

Answer 20

1) Placement of Personnel Dosimeter
2) area
3) NOT
4) collar
5) thyroid

Question 21

When an apron is worn fluro and special procedures and they receive highest dose and dosimeter should be work on outside of apron because unprotected head, neck, and eye lens receive __1__ more exposure than the trunk.

Answer 21

1) 10-20 x

Question 22

During special CR, DR, conventional procedures, some facilities may prefer to wear __1__ separate monitors. First, or __2__, is to be worn outside apron at collar to monitor thyroid and eyes dose. Second is worn underneath to waist to monitor trunk dose.

Answer 22

1) 2

2) primary

Question 23

Pregnant techs should wear ____ badge under apron to monitor embryo-fetal dose.

Answer 23

second

Question 24

TLD ring badge cover contains info such as account number, name, date, etc. It is laser-eched to ensure permanent ID so it can be worn during ____.

Answer 24

scrub procedures

Question 25

Personnel Dosimeters sure be __1__, __2__, and __3__. Must be able to __4__ and record both small and large exposures in a consistent and reliable manner.

Answer 25

1) lightweight
2) easy to carry
3) durable to tolerate normal daily use
4) detect

Question 26

Weather, __1__, and __2__ should __3__ affect performance and they should be reasonably __4__ to purchase and maintain.

Answer 26

1) humidity
2) mechanical shock
3) NOT
4) inexpensive

Question 27

__1__- economical and used to monitor larger numbers of ppl cheaply. Record whole body dose at low rate over long period of time.
Made of durable, lightweight plastic film __2__, an assortment of __3__ and __4__.

Answer 27

1) Flim Badge
2) holder
3) filters
4) film packet

Question 28

Film Badge continued- filters of __1__ and __2__ allow measurement of app __3__ of radiation reaching dosimeter. Also determine if received while __4__ or stationary or exposed from __5__ or front.

Answer 28

1) aluminum
2) copper
3) energies
4) moving
5) back

Question 29

Film Badge continued- radiation dosimetry film inside badge is similar to __1__. Sensitivity range from __2__ to as high as 5000 mSv (500 Rem). Doses less than 0.1 mSv (10 mrem) aren’t usually detected and reported as __3__. After processing, a DENSITOMETER is used to measure __4__ that might be present. Amount of density is compared to a __5__ (H and D Cuve) to determine exposure to wearer.

Answer 29

1) dental film
2) 0.1 mSv
3) minimal (M)
4) optical density
5) Characteristic Curve

Question 30

Main advantages of Film Badge- __1__. Reports are reviewed by __2__ and if “Alert Levels” have been reached, then employee can be counselled. It is also economical and has good mechanical __3__.

Answer 30

1) permanent legal record
2) RSO
3) integrity

Question 31

Disadvantages of Film Badge- __1__ and humidity extremes can cause __2__ over long periods of time. Must be shipped/__3__. Typically worn __4__. Most sensitive to __5__ having an average energy level of __6__, so other devices are more sensitive.

Answer 31

1) temperature
2) fogging
3) no immediate read out
4) 1-3 mths
5) photons
6) 50 kEv

Question 32

Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeter (OSL)- it is most __1__ and has mostly replaced __2__. Can be worn up to __3__ years but is usually worn __4__ mths. Must be shipped/__5__.

Answer 32

1) common
2) film badges
3) 1
4) 2
5) No immediate read out

Question 33

OSL continued- three different __1__: aluminum, __2__, and __3__. Used to determine type of __4__ exposed to as well as ranges. (Deep, __5__, and shallow)

Answer 33

1) filters
2) tin
3) copper
4) energy
5) eye

Question 34

OSL continued- Very __1__, gives off and accurate reading as low as __2__ for x-ray and gamma with energies ranging from 5 kEv to greater __3__. Ideal for __4__.

Answer 34

1) sensitive
2) 1 mrem
3) 40 Mev
4) low radiation environments and prego workers

Question 35

Pocket Ionization Chamber/ Pocket Dosimeter- Most __1__ but use is uncommon today. Resembles pen or __2__ but contains __3__ that measures radiation.

Answer 35

1) sensitive
2) pocket flashlight
3) thimble ionization chamber

Question 36

2 types of Pocket Ionization Chamber/ Pocket Dosimeter: __1__ which has built in electromenter. __2__ which requires a special acessary electrometer to read device

Answer 36

1) Self reading

2) non self reading

Question 37

Pocket Ionization Chamber/ Pocket Dosimeter contains 2 __1__, one positively charged and one negatively charged. A __2__forms part of electrode and function as the indicator on the transparent reading scale to indicate the amount of radiation the dosimeter was exposed to. Quartz fiber must show a __3__ before use.

Answer 37

1) electrodes
2) quartz fiber
3) 0

Question 38

Pocket Ionization Chamber/ Pocket Dosimeter advantages- provides __1__ for workers in high radiation area. They are compact, __2__, __3__, and __4__.

Answer 38

1) immediate readout
2) easy to carry
3) reasonably accurate
4) sensitive

Question 39

Pocket Ionization Chamber/ Pocket Dosimeter disadvantages- They are __1__ ($150/unit). Must read everyday or may give off inaccurate reading because __2__. May discharge due to __3__ and give a false high reading. No permanent record because it is cleared after reading and back to 0.

Answer 39

1) expensive
2) charges tend to escape
3) mechanical shock

Question 40

Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD)- exterior looks like __1__ but interior is completely different. Radiation causes LiF crystals to physically __2__. Some electrons in the lattice structure absorb energy and are “excited” to higher energy levels or bands. When these crystals are __3__, the trapped electrons return to their normal state and give off __4__ prop to amount radiation monitor exposed to. A __5__ measures amount of radiation.

Answer 40

1) film badge
2) change
3) heated
4) light
5) TLD Analyzer

Question 41

Advantages if TLD- LiF crystals interact with radiation as __1__ does so extremely accurate reading. Not affected by humidity __2__, and normal __3__. Can be work __4__ mths. Can be reused after read, so cost effective even though initial price is high. __5__ of film badge service, $3.33/mth.

Answer 41

1 human tissue

2) pressure
3) temperature changes
4) 3
5) 2x

Question 42

Disadvantages of TLD- can only be read once, so no __1__ is available like film to be reread if necessary.

Answer 42

1) permanent record

Question 43

Most common Radiation Survey Instrument for Area Monitoring- __1__. They can be used in many ways depending on their level of __2__ and associated components. Simplest versions lack readout scale but may have adjustable sensitivity levels, just used to find radiation above __3__.

Answer 43

1) Geiger-Muller Tube (GM)
2) calibration
3) background

Question 44

Other versions of Radiation Survey Instruments for Area Monitoring have calibrated readout scales and are typically used as either a area or room monitors or as portable __1__ instruments for measuring exposure rates in locations or objects. Don’t directly supply __2__.

Answer 44

1) survey

2) cumulative radiation exposure reading

Question 45

Radiation Survey Instruments for Areas continued- Ionization chamber-based instruments, most common __1__. When properly calibrated can measure exposure rates over __2__ range and determine __3__ for whatever period of time instrument is irradiated.

Answer 45

1) Cutie Pie
2) wide
3) cumulative radiation exposure

Question 46

Types of RSIAM- When in contact with ionizing radiation, survey instruments respond because of the charged particles that are produced because of radiation interacting with and subsequently ionizing __1__ (usually air) in the detector. Measure either total quantity of electrical charge from ionization if gas or __2__ at which electrical charge is produced.

Answer 46

1) gas

2) rate

Question 47

Types of RSIAM- Three different types that serve as __1__: Ionization Chamber-type survey meter (__2__); __3__; __4__. They detect radiation and when properly calibrated, give reasonably accurate measurement of the __5__.

Answer 47

1) field instruments
2) Cutie Pie
3) Proportional Counter
4) GM Detector
5) exposure