Ch. 10

Question 1

Numeric dose limits based on risks.

Answer 1

Effective Dose Limiting System (EfD)

Question 2

–1– and –2– are resources for revised recommendations.

Answer 2

1) NCRP Report # 116 (main)

2) ICRP Report #60

Question 3

NCRP–1– –2– –3–

Answer 3

1) ICRP
2) UNSCEAR
3) NAS/NRC-BEIR

Question 4

U.S. enforcement agency that reviews suggestions from ICRP and makes recommendations and publishes reports to notify organizations and public about issues dealing with radiation protection, measurements, and units.

Answer 4

NCRP (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements)

Question 5

International authority that gathers information from UNSCEAR and NAS/NRC-BEIR and makes suggestions to NCRP regarding occupational and public dose limits.

Answer 5

ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection)

Question 6

Evaluates human and environmental radiation exposure and derives risk assessments and then makes suggestions to ICRP.

Answer 6

UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on Effects of Atomic Radiation)

Question 7

Reviews studies of biological effects and risk assessment and makes suggestions to ICRP. BEIR V report in 1990 supersedes previous reports studying effects of accidental exposure.

Answer 7

NAS/NRC-BEIR (National Academy of Science/National Research Council Committee on Biological Effect of Ionizing Radiation)

Question 8

Oversees nuclear industry; makes UNANNOUNCED visits Nuclear Medicine Departments.

Answer 8

NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commission)

Question 9

NRC assumes responsibility for enforcing radiation protection regulations (Majority of states)

Answer 9

Agreement States

Question 10

State and NRC assume responsibility for enforcing radiation protection regulations AND states can legislate their own regulations.

Answer 10

Non-Agreement States

WV is a Non-Agreement State

Question 11

–1– = Develops and enforces regulations controlling radiation in the environment. Has authority over –2–. Action Level above –3–. Estimates that –4– of U.S. homes exceeds this limit.

Answer 11

1) EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
2) RADON
3) 4 Picocuries/Liter (pCi/L) of Air
4) 10%

Question 12

Regulates design and manufacture of electrical products and diagnostic x-ray equipment.

Answer 12

FDA ( U.S. Food and Drug Administration)

Question 13

Responsible for workplace safety.

Answer 13

OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)

Question 14

Facilities are required to have a –1– (RSO) usually a radiologist or physicist

Answer 14

Radiation Safety Program

Question 15

To protect public from unnecessary radiation exposure from electronic products.
A. = required 8/1/74-1994

Answer 15

Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968

A) PBL (Positive Beam Limitation/Automatic Collimation)

Question 16

ALARA- As Low As Reasonably Achievable= ?

Answer 16

1954

Question 17

Established minimum Standards of Accreditation for education radiography program (JRCERT)

Answer 17

Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981

Question 18

Somatic effects directly related to dos received-typically only after LARGE doses. Typically following a Non-Linear, Threshold Curve.
Early=?
Late=?

Answer 18

Nonstochastic (Deterministic) Effects

Early effects= Erythema, Epilation
Late effecsts= Cataracts, Decreased Fertility
200 Rads (2 Gy)+

Question 19

Non-Threshold, random somatic effects; ex: Cancer, Genetic Alterations. Tend to be ALL OR NONE Response.

A. Increased Dose= ?

Answer 19

Stochastic (Probablistic) Effects

A. Increase occurrence of effects BUT severity NOT related.

Question 20

Estimating lower exposure response based on known upper response.

Answer 20

Current philosophy based on ASSUMPTION of LINEAR, NON-THRESHOLD Curve (Extrapolation)

Question 21

Probability of injury, ailment, or death from an activity.

Answer 21

Risk

Question 22

Age in years X 1 Rem (10 mSv)

Answer 22

Cumulative Dose

Question 23

Annual Occupational EfD

Answer 23

5 Rem (50 mSv)

Question 24

Pregnant Radiation Worker

Answer 24

Monthly can’t exceed 0.05 Rem (0.5 mSv)

Entire dose can’t exceed 0.5 Rem (5 mSv)

Question 25

Under 18 yr old student

Answer 25

0.1 Rem (1 mSv)

Question 26

Lens of Eye Yearly Dose

Answer 26

15 Rem (150 mSv)

Question 27

Skin, Hands, Feet Yearly Dose

Answer 27

50 Rem (500 mSv)

Question 28

Action Limit

Answer 28

Above 1/10 of EfD

Question 29

Rem to Sv

Answer 29

divide by 100

Question 30

Sv to Rem

Answer 30

multiply by times 100

Question 31

Rem to mSv

Answer 31

X 10

Question 32

mSv to Rem

Answer 32

divide by 10

Question 33

Sv to mSv

Answer 33

X 100

Question 34

Beneficial consequence of radiation.

Answer 34

Hormesis Effect