Ch 5

Question 0

What is the periodic law?

Answer 0

States that the properties of elements recur in a repeating pattern when arranged according to INCREASING ATOMIC NUMBER

Question 1

What is a noble gas?

Answer 1

Inert gasses in row 18 of periodic table that show no chemical reactions.

Question 2

What is a group?

Answer 2

A vertical column in the periodic table.

A.k.a: family

Question 3

What is a period?

Answer 3

A horizontal row in the periodic table.

A.k.a: Series

Question 4

What are alkali metals?

Answer 4

Family of group 1a/1

Question 5

What are alkaline earth metals?

Answer 5

Elements in group 2a

Question 6

What are halogens?

Answer 6

Elements of group 17a

Question 7

What are representative elements?

Answer 7

Found in the a groups, on left and rights sides of periodic table.
• have predictable behaviors

Question 8

What are transition elements?

Answer 8

Found in b groups in middle of periodic table.

•reactions un-predictable

Question 9

What are inner transition elements?

Answer 9

Beneath main portion of the periodic table.

Question 10

What is the lanthanide series?

Answer 10

La-Iu series on periodic table

Question 11

What are rare elements?

Answer 11

Elements #21,39,57,58-71

Question 12

What is the actinide series?

Answer 12

Elements Ac- Lr
•part of period 7
•all are radioactive

Question 13

What are transuranium elements?

Answer 13

The elements with atomic numbers beyond 92.

• all elements following uranium are synthetic

Question 14

Definition of atomic radius?

Answer 14

The distance from the nucleus to the outermost electrons.

•represented in nanometers

Question 15

What is the trend if the atomic radius?

Answer 15

Atomic radius decreases up a group

• Atomic radius decreases across a period from left to right

Question 16

What is the trend if metallic characteristics?

Answer 16

As we move left to right metallic characteristic decreases across a period
• metallic characteristics decrease up a group

Question 17

What is the rule for predicting chemical properties

Answer 17

Elements in the same groups react in similar fashions

Ex: MgO and CaO react the same

Question 18

Describe the pattern of sub-levels of the blocks in the periodic table

Answer 18

1s2,2s2,2p6,3s2,3p6, 4s2, 3d10, 4p6, 5s2, 4d10, 5p6… So on

Question 19

Describe the shorthand for electron configuration.

Answer 19

The preceding noble gas is placed in brackets , followed by the outermost electrons and sublevels
Ex: [Ne] S3^1 = Na

Question 20

Define valence electrons

Answer 20

The outermost electrons that form chemical bonds between atoms and are responsible for the chemical behavior of the element.
•The number of valence electrons is total to number of electrons in the outermost s and p sub-levels
. Can also predict by noting the group number (ex. Group 13-3, group 1-1)

Question 21

Describe how to use the electron dot formula.

Answer 21

1• write the symbol of the element to represent its core electrons ( inner electrons, ones not bonding)
2• draw each valence electron determines by the element on the periodic table (1 dot per valence electrons)
3• max of 2 dots on each side, max of 8 total

Question 22

What looses electrons more easily, metals or nonmetals?

Answer 22

Metals

Question 23

Metals become positively charged after losing an ….

Answer 23

Electron

Question 24

What is an ion

Answer 24

An atom bearing a charge

Question 25

Describe ionization energy and its pattern

Answer 25

The amount of energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom into a gaseous state. Remember everything wants to be a gas.
• ionization increases up a group of elements
• ionization increases from left to right

Question 26

Describe ionic charge

Answer 26

Gaining (non metals) or loosing (metals) to gain a charge.
•Metals are positive charges and nonmetals are negatively charged
•group 1-4 loose electrons
• group 5-8 loose electrons

Question 27

Define isoelectronic

Answer 27

2 or more ions have the same number of electrons