Ch. 5

Question 0

What were elements organization based on?

Answer 0

On their properties

Question 1

The first elements to be identified were mainly what?

Answer 1

Metals

Question 2

What was Mendeleev’s strategy for classifying elements modeled on?

Answer 2

Card game

Question 3

What did Mendeleev know about each element?

Answer 3

The name, relative mass, and properties

Question 4

How did Mendeleev arrange the elements into rows?

Answer 4

By their increasing masses

Question 5

A periodic table is an arrangement of ________ in columns, based on a set of properties that repeat from row to row.

Answer 5

Elements

Question 6

Why did Mendeleev leave some locations on his periodic table blank?

Answer 6

He left them for elements that had not been discovered

Question 7

Was Mendeleev the first person to arrange the elements in a periodic table?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

How can you tell if a scientific model is correct?

Answer 8

By wether it can be used to make accurate predictions

Question 9

What did Mendeleev use to locate undiscovered elements?

Answer 9

Properties of elements

Question 10

What did the close match between Mendeleev’s predictions and the actual properties of new elements show?

Answer 10

The usefulness of his periodic table

Question 11

How are elements arranged in the modern periodic table?

Answer 11

By the increasing number of protons

Question 12

Why does the number of elements per period vary?

Answer 12

The number of available orbitals increases from energy level to energy level

Question 13

What value depends on the distribution of an elements isotopes in nature?

Answer 13

Atomic mass

Question 14

Most elements exist as what?

Answer 14

A mixture with two or more isotopes

Question 15

Is the mass of chlorine-37 greater or smaller than the mass of the atom chlorine-35?

Answer 15

greater

Question 16

Name the three categories into which elements are classified into based on their general properties.

Answer 16

Metals
Nonmetals
Metalloids

Question 17

Do all metals react to oxygen in the same way?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

Across a period from left to right, the element becomes (more, less) metallic and (more, less) nonmetallic in their properties.

Answer 18

Less,

More

Question 19

Elements within a group have the (same, different) number of valence electrons.

Answer 19

Same

Question 20

The reactivity of alkali metals (increases, decreases) from the top of Group 1A to the bottom.

Answer 20

Increases

Question 21

Why is sodium stored under oil?

Answer 21

Because it reacts with water vapor in the air

Question 22

Differences in reactivity amount on the alkaline earth metals are shown by the way they react with what?

Answer 22

Water

Question 23

What does magnesium help/used for?

Answer 23

Helps plants produce sugar,

Is used to make lightweight bicycle frames

Question 24

What does calcium help/used for?

Answer 24

Helps build strong teeth, | Is the main ingredient in limestone

Question 25

Is aluminum more reactive than sodium and magnesium?

Answer 25

No

Question 26

What is the most abundant metal in Earth's crust?

Answer 26

Aluminum

Question 27

Aluminum is often found combined with oxygen and what?

Answer 27

Bauxite

Question 28

Except for water, what compound is most contained in your body?

Answer 28

Carbon

Question 29

What is the most abundant element in Earth's crust?

Answer 29

Oxygen

Question 30

Halogens have similar ________ properties but different __________ properties.

Answer 30

Chemical, | Physical

Question 31

What are three characteristics of the noble gasses?

Answer 31

Colorless, Odorless, Extremely unreactive

Question 32

How can an element that does not react easily with other elements be useful?

Answer 32

It can be used to prevent reactions with highly reactive elements

Question 33

Define the following: | An arrangement of elements in columns based on a set of properties that repeat from row to row

Answer 33

Periodic table

Question 34

Define the following: | A pattern of repeating properties that occurs when atomic numbers are used to arrange elements into groups

Answer 34

Periodic law

Question 35

Define the following: | One-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom

Answer 35

Atomic mass unit

Question 36

Define the following: | Elements that are good conductors of heat and electric current

Answer 36

Metals

Question 37

Define the following: | Elements that form a bridge between the elements on the left and right sides of the periodic table

Answer 37

Transition metals

Question 38

Define the following: | Elements that are poor conductors of heat and electric current

Answer 38

Nonmetals

Question 39

Define the following: | Elements with properties that fall between those of metals and nonmetals

Answer 39

Metalloids

Question 40

Define the following: | An electron that is in the highest occupied energy level of an atom

Answer 40

Valence electron