1st 9 Week Tests Flashcards
How are science and technology related?
Advances in one lead to advances in the other
What is a system of knowledge and methods used to find that knowledge?
Science
What are some branches of natural science?
Biology, astronomy, chemistry, geology, and physics
What happens when data does not support the hypothesis?
The hypothesis is revised
What is a physical or mental representation of an object or event?
A model
Why are scientific models important?
They help us visualize things that are complex, very large, or very small
How do scientists communicate the results of an investigation?
By publishing articles in a scientific journal or by giving talks at scientific conferences
An experiment that has only one variable, the independent or manipulated variable, being changed at a time is what kind of experiment?
Controlled experiment
What are the two main areas of physical science?
Physics and chemistry
What 3 sciences is natural science divided into?
Life science, earth and space science, and physical science
What is a statement that summarizes a pattern found in nature?
Scientific law
What is an organized plan for gathering, organizing, and communicating information?
Scientific method
What is information obtained through the senses?
Observation
What is a proposed answer to a question?
Hypothesis
What is another name for “manipulated variable”?
Independent variable
What is the variable that causes change in another called?
Manipulated (independent) variable
What is another name for “responding variable”?
Dependent variable
What is the variable that changes in response to the manipulated (independent) variable?
Responding (dependent) variable
What is a well tested explanation for a set of observations or experimental results?
Scientific theory
What is the study of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter?
Chemistry
What is the study of the origin, history, and structure of earth?
Geology
What is the study of the universe beyond earth?
Astronomy
What is life science called?
Biology
What is the study of matter and energy and the interactions between the two forces in motion?
Physics
What is the use of knowledge to solve practical problems?
Technology
What are the three types of variables in an experiment?
Controlled, manipulated, responding
When writing a number in scientific notation, a positive exponents means to move the decimal right or left?
Left
When writing a number in scientific notation, a negative exponent means to move the decimal right or left?
Right
Why is scientific notation so useful to scientists?
It makes it easier for scientists to work with very large or small numbers
What two things do you need to include in a measurement to have it make sense?
Numbers and units
What is the formula for density?
Mass
_____
Volume
What is a relationship in which the ratio of two variables is constant (one goes up or down at the other does the same)?
Direct proportion
What is an instrument that measures temperature?
Thermometer
What is a gauge of how exact a measurement is?
Precision
What is the closeness of a measurement to the actual value of what is being measured?
Accuracy
What are all the digits that are known in a measurement?
Significant figure
What is the amount of space taken up by an object?
Volume
What is a straight line distance between 2 points?
Length
What is quantity of matter in an object?
Mass
What is steepness; ratio of vertical change to horizontal change; rise over run?
Slope
What is the ratio in which the two variables is constant?
Inverse proportion
What is the way of expressing the product of a number between 1-10 and a power of 10?
Scientific notation
What is a ratio of equal measurements that is used to convert one unit to another?
Conversion factor
What is the ratio of an objects mass to its volume?
Density
What is a substance that is made of only one kind of atom?
Element
What is a material that contains two or more elements joined in fixed proportions?
Compound
What is an example of a mixture?
Sand
What is a mixture that appears to contain only one substance?
Homogeneous
What is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?
Jar of mixed nuts
If you are about to open a container of soy milk and it says to shake well, what is it most likely?
Colloid
What is the best use for a bar graph?
Comparing 2 or more things
What is the best use for a line graph?
To show changes over time
What is the best use for a circle graph?
Show percentages
Slope is equal to what?
Rise over run
Give an example of something malleable.
Gold
Give an example of something with a high viscosity.
Maple syrup
What material is malleable and conducts electricity?
Any metal
What is the difference between distillation and filtration?
Distillation separates substances based on their boiling point
Filtration separates substances based on their particle size
What does an example of a physical change?
Sawing wood in half, cutting hair, heating metal until it’s red hot, etc.
A substance that easily combines chemically with other substances has a high or low reactivity?
High
What is a clue that a chemical change has occurred?
Change in color, formation of a precipitate, production of a gas
Why does an element have a fixed composition?
It only has one kind of atom
Why does rust form on iron when exposed to air?
They have a high reactivity
What is a solid that forms and separates from a liquid mixture ?
Precipitate
What are 7 physical properties?
Conductivity, malleability, hardness, melting point, density, viscosity, and boiling point
What are two chemical properties?
Reactivity, malleability
What type of change (physical or chemical) occurs when mold grows on a strawberry?
Chemical
Describe a gas in terms of volume and shape.
No definite (variable) shape No definite (variable) volume
Describe a liquid in terms of volume and shape.
No definite (variable) shape definite volume
Describe a solid in terms of volume and shape.
definite shape
definite volume
What is pressure?
The result of a force distributed over an area
What affects the pressure of an enclosed gas?
Temperature, volume, and the number of particles
If the temperature and volume in a closed container of gas remain constant, and if the number of particles of the gas remains constant, would the gas pressure go up or down?
Increase
State Charle’s law.
The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in kelvins if the pressure and the number of particles is constant
If the volume of a cylinder is reduced from 4.0 liters to 2.0 liters, the pressure of the gas in the cylinder will change from 100 kilopascal to what?
200 kilopascal
What happens to the temperature of a substance during a phase change?
It stay the same
The phase change in which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid is what?
Melting
Which phase changes are exothermic?
Freezing, deposition, and condensation
Which phase changes are endothermic?
Sublimation, vaporization, and melting
What does the kinetic theory state?
All particles of matter are in constant motion
Reducing the volume of a gas ___________ it’s pressure if the __________ of the gas and the number of particles are constant.
Increases, temperature
A graph representing Charle’s law shows that the _________ of a gas increases at the same rate as the ________ of the gas.
Temperature, volume
