Ch 5

Question 1

Agnoist

Answer 1

mimic or enhance the effects of a neurotransmitter

Question 2

Antagonist

Answer 2

occupy a receptor without activating it, actually going to block the receptor which is going to decrease the availability of a neurotransmitter which means less neurotransmitters are going to bind

Question 3

Psychoactive Drugs

Answer 3

Substances with psychological effects, including anxiety relief, depression relief, and hallucinations.

Question 4

Dependence

Answer 4

The need for a drug to function normally, categorized into physical and psychological dependence.

Question 5

Tolerance

Answer 5

A state where an individual becomes less responsive to a drug, requiring increasing amounts to produce the same effects.

Question 6

Addiction

Answer 6

A preoccupation with obtaining a drug, compulsive use, and a tendency to relapse after quitting.

Question 7

Withdrawal

Answer 7

Negative reactions when drug use is stopped, caused by the nervous system’s adaptation to the drug.

Question 8

Reward

Answer 8

The positive effect an object or condition has on the user, causing pleasure and leading to repeated behavior.

Question 9

Mesolimbic/Reward Pathway

Answer 9

A crucial brain circuit involving dopaminergic neurons originating from the ventral tegmental area and connecting to the nucleus accumbens.

Question 10

Depressants

Answer 10

Drugs that reduce central nervous system activity, including sedatives, anxiolytics, and hypnotics.

Question 11

Examples of Depressants

Answer 11

Alcohol (ethanol), barbiturates, and benzodiazepines.

Question 12

Stimulants

Answer 12

Drugs that activate the central nervous system, producing arousal, increased alertness, and elevated mood.

Question 13

Examples of Stimulants

Answer 13

Cocaine, amphetamines, nicotine, and caffeine.

Question 14

Psychedelic Drugs

Answer 14

Compounds that cause perceptual distortions, altering consciousness and increasing insight.

Question 15

Roles of Genes in Addiction

Answer 15

Heritability of addiction, genetic impacts on addiction susceptibility, and the role of methylation in gene function.

Question 16

Comorbidity

Answer 16

The association of addiction with other mental or emotional disorders, complicating rehabilitation.

Question 17

Cocaine

Answer 17

acts at the dopamine and serotonin synapses by blocking the reuptake of dopamine and serotonin meaning there is going to be more potential for dopamine and serotonin to bind to the receptors and produces euphoric effects