CH 5

Question 1

What does it mean by specialized cells?

Answer 1

Specialised - cells which serve a unique, particular function.

Question 2

List and Define the order of the Organastions of Cell

Answer 2

• Cell - the smallest functional unit of a living organism
• Tissue - cluster of cells which perform a shared function.
  o For some organisms (e.g., jellyfish & corals), tissues represent the greatest level of organisation required to meet survival and reproduction needs.
  o
• Organ - combination of tissues and cells into a distinct structure that performs a specific function.
• System - collection of organs and tissues that perform specific functions necessary for survival.
• Organism - living thing made up of one or more cells.

Question 3

List the 11 major animal systems

Answer 3

Digestive Immune
Excretory
Blood Circulatory
Endocrine Respiratory
Skeletal Nervous
Muscular Reproductive
Integumentary

Question 4

List at least 5 major animal organs

Answer 4

Brain
Thyroid
Heart
Lungs
Liver
Stomach
Pancreas
Kidneys
Bladder
Intestines

Question 5

What is muscle tissue?

Answer 5

• Muscle Tissue - collection of animal cells that are capable of contraction to exert a force.

Question 6

List the 4 types of Animal Tissue

Answer 6

Muscle, Nerve/Nervous, Connective, Epithelial

Question 7

List the three main types of muscle tissue

Answer 7

Skeletal/striated, cardiac, smooth muscles

Question 8

What is Skeletal/Striated Muscle

Answer 8

Skeletal/Striated Muscle – Muscle attached to bones via tendons that are under voluntary control and contract to assist movement.

Question 9

What is Cardiac Muscle

Answer 9

Cardiac Muscle – Muscle found in the heart that are under involuntary control which contacts to pump blood around the body.

Question 10

What is Smooth Muscle

Answer 10

Smooth Muscle – Muscle found in the linings of hollow organs and structures throughout the body which are under involuntary control and contract to change size and shape of those structures.

Question 11

What is Nerve/Nervous Tissue and what is it composed of?

Answer 11

Nerve/Nervous Tissue - collection of animal cells that sense stimuli and initiate responses.
- Composed of neurons (e.g., sensory, motor and interneuron) that detect and carry electrical signals and neuroglia/glia (e.g., astrocyte) that assists in neuron signal transmission.

Question 12

What is Connective Tissue

Answer 12

Connective Tissue - collection of many different animal cells that bind and support the other major tissue types.

Question 13

What is Epithelial Tissue

Answer 13

Epithelial Tissue - one of the basic tissue types in animals that line the outer surface of organs and blood vessels. Assists in protection secretion and absorption.

Question 14

List the 5 main types of Vascular Plant Cells and Their Function.

Answer 14

Vascular Plant Cells and Their Function:
- Parenchyma Cells - The major cells of plants, responsible for photosynthesis and other metabolic activity.
- Sclerenchyma Cells - Provides support to the plant.
- Collenchyma Cells - Provides support to the plant.
- Xylem Cells – Responsible for the transport of water and minerals from the roots to the leaves of the plant.
- Phloem Cells – Responsible for the transport of sugars and other nutrients throughout the plant.

Question 15

List the three main types of plant tissues and their function

Answer 15

Vascular Plant Tissues:
- Dermal Tissue - collection of cells that form the outer linings of a plant which secrete cuticle (a waxy film) to form a physical barrier between the plant and its environment.
- Ground Tissues – Branching term for many different plant tissue types, which are involved in metabolism and support.
- Vascular Tissues - conducting tissues that transport water and nutrients throughout a plant.
- Vascular plants contain vascular tissue.
- Non-Vascular plants (e.g., moss) do not contain vascular tissue and only require simplified tissues to function.
- Branching term for xylem tissue and phloem tissue.

Question 16

What are the main types of Vascular plant systems?

Answer 16

• Root System - organ system in plants that is responsible for providing support to the plant and water and nutrient absorption from soil.
• Shoot System - organ system in plants made up of reproductive organs (flowers and fruits), stems, and leaves.

Question 17

List the types of plant organs and their function

Answer 17

-Leaves - the plant organs that are responsible for photosynthesis.
o Site of gas exchange and responsible for photosynthesis.
o In most plants leaves are arranged to increase sunlight exposure.
- Flowers - the reproductive organ of angiosperms (Flowering plants).
o Following fertilisation of male and female gametes contained in pollen, Seeds develop, and the ovary of a flower grows into a fruit.
- Fruit - the seed-bearing structures that are responsible for the protection of developing seeds and seed dispersal.
- Stem - the main body of the plant that provides support and connects the whole plant.
o Transports water and nutrients.
- Roots - the plant organ embedded in the ground.
o Absorbs and stores water and nutrients from soil and provides support for the plant.