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Pulmonary Function Tests > Ch. 5 > Flashcards

Ch. 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the equation for Ve?

A

Vt x F

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2
Q

Definition of Ve?

A

Volume of air during normal RR inspired and expired over 1 min. OR rate of respirations per min.

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3
Q

How long do you measure Ve?

A

15 secs

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4
Q

Inc. rate usually reflects changes in ______ ?

A

Vent status

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5
Q

Inc. rate =

A

Hypoxia
Hypercapnia
Inc. temp

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6
Q

Dec. rate =

A

• CNS depression
• CO2 narcosis (hyper-oxygenation or O2 toxicity)
• Neuromuscular disease involving vent disorders

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7
Q

What is the respiratory exchange ratio (RER)?

A

The ratio between the volume of CO2 produced (VCO2) divided by the volume of O2 consumed (VO2).

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8
Q

Fun fact

A

The ratio of the body’s CO2 output to the uptake of CO2 indirectly shows the muscles oxidative capacity to get energy.

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9
Q

RER must be calculated….?

A

If the inspiratory volumes are used (machine does this).

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10
Q

What is the formula for RER?

A

VCO2/VO2

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11
Q

What is the normal for RER?

A

80%

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12
Q

RER ______ as CO2 production ______ ?

A

Increases ; increases

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13
Q

How do you measure RER?

A

• RIP- uses transducers to measure pulmonary ventilation by measuring the movement of the chest and abdominal wall.
• Volume displacement spirometer (water seal spirometer).
• Flow sensing spirometer
• O2 & CO2 analyzer

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14
Q

What are some calculations used for RER?

A

Vt = Ve/F
Ve = Vt x F

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15
Q

What is the usual range for Vt?

A

400-700 mls in a healthy adult

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16
Q

Ve must be calculated with _____ values to determine adequacy of the vent?

A

Blood gas (ABG)

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17
Q

What is normal Ve?

A

5-10 L/min in healthy adult

18
Q

Hyperventilation means what?

A

Body is trying to compensate

19
Q

Ve does not determine ________ or ________?

A

Hypoventilation; hyperventilation

20
Q

Body will compensate for _______ ?

A

Decreased CO2

21
Q

What is hypoventilation?

A

PCO2 > 45 pH < 7.35

22
Q

What is hyperventilation?

A

PCO2 < 35 pH > 7.45

23
Q

What are the 2 types of dead space?

A

Anatomic & alevolar
together they add up to physiological dead space

24
Q

What is dead space usually dependent on?

A

BTPS or LPM

25
Q

What is anatomic dead space?

A

Air in the upper airways that do not participate in gas exchange.

26
Q

What is alveolar dead space?

A

Lung volumes that are ventilated but not perfused by capillary blood flow. Air is trapped in the small airways (alveoli) that cannot participate in gas exchange.

27
Q

How to measure Vd?

A

Exhaled gas is collected over specified interval and measured. Blood gases are taken at the same time to measure PaCO2.
info is added to Bohr equation

28
Q

What is the formula for Vd?

A

PaCO2 -PeCo2 / PaCO2
PaCO2 = arterial
PeCO2 = end tidal

29
Q

How can anatomic Vd be calculated?

A

By IBW 1mL/lb or 2mL/kg

30
Q

How to calculate alveolar dead space?

A

Calculated during measurements of volumes RV/TLC ratio.

31
Q

Physiological Vd can be important because it takes into account both _____ & ______ Vd?

A

Anatomic; alveolar

32
Q

What is alveolar ventilation?

A

Part of the ventilation that participates in gas exchange at the alveolar level.

33
Q

What is the formula for alveolar ventilation?

A

VA = F (Vt -Vd)

34
Q

Vd is considered equal to _______?

A

Anatomic Vd (1mL/lb or 2mL/kg of IBW)

35
Q

What are some techniques to measure ventilator response?

A

Open circuit and closed circuit

36
Q

What are some techniques used to measure CO2 & O2?

A

Open circuit
Closed circuit
CO2 scrubber

37
Q

What is P100?

A

The pressure generated at the mouth during first 100 milliseconds of an inspiratory effort against an occluded airway.
this is what drives ventilation

38
Q

Changes in P100 are directly related to changes in ….?

A

Body position and contractile properties of the respiratory muscles.

39
Q

What is the normal range for P100?

A

1.5-5 cmH20

40
Q

P100 is increased in?

A

Hypercapnia and hypoxia

41
Q

P100 is helpful in?

A

Determining effects of tx in pts with abnormal ventilation responses measured with closed circuit.

42
Q

What does a pneumotachometer measure?

A

The volume of airflow in lungs

Pulmonary Function Tests (8 decks)

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