Ch 47 - exam 4 Flashcards
reproduction
What are ultimate vs causation questions?
ultimate = why
proximate = how
What does cell division look like in Oogenesis vs Spermatogenesis?
oogenesis has unequal cell division, while spermatogenesis does not and produces 4 sperm
Sperm anatomy
Head with Acrosome (enzymes that digest the corona radiata)
Mitochondria- make energy to swim
Sea Urchin egg anatomy
Outer Jelly layer, Vitelline envelope
Human egg anatomy
Corona radiata (ring of cells)
Zona pellucida (protective barrier)
What is the difference between external and internal fertilization?
External:
- large # gametes
- gametogenesis based on environmental cues
- gametes released by species-specific cues
- pheremones
- direct vs spermatophore deposit
- sperm competition
Why are so many gametes produced in external fertilization?
probability of meeting in the ocean, predators (no protection of parents)
What are pheromones vs hormones?
Pheromones are excreted from the body, and are not delivered via bloodstream
What is the second male advantage?
2nd male’s sperm displaces 1st male’s sperm
What is cryptic female choice?
female can store sperm for months in pockets in the body
What are various types of unusual mating strategies?
Femme fatale, giant sperm, infidelity, love darts, hypodermic insemination (similar to love darts)
Male reproductive system and accessory organs/glands
- vas deferens
- seminal vesicle
- ejaculatory duct
- prostate gland
- bulbourethral gland
- epididymis
- testis
- scrotum
- prepuce
What glands in the male system produce accessory fluids in human semen?
- seminal vesicles (fructose and prostaglandins)
- prostate gland (antibiotic compound, citric acid)
- bulbourethral gland (alkaline mucus)
What is the name of the bone found in male raccoons?
Baculum
Female reproductive system and accessory organs/glands
- uterus
- cervix
- vagina
- oviduct
- ovary
- clitoris
- labium minus
- labium majus
Female chicken reproductive tract
- ONE ovary
- oviduct
- uterus
- vagina
- cloaca
Where does fertilization take place?
Oviduct
What are Leydig cells?
cells that make testosterone
What is a follicle?
cells surrounding egg that make estrodiol, signals to brain to release egg due to inc in LH
What are the aspects of the menstrual cycle?
- follicular phase
- ovulation
- luteal phase
- menstruation
What happens in the follicular phase?
- follicle matures
- inc estradiol
What happens in the luteal phase?
- corpus luteum forms and degenerates
- progesterone increases
- uterine lining increases
What happens during ovulation?
- inc in FSH
- LARGE inc in LH
- egg released into oviduct
How is estradiol involved in menstruation?
- made by follice
- low estradiol = low FH
- inc estradiol = inc FH
- high FH tells ovary to release egg
