Ch 45 part 2

Question 1

Resynthesized triglycerides aggregate into these large droplets coated with proteins that perform an emulsifying function similar to that of bile salts.

Answer 1

Chylomicrons

Question 2

At the surface of a hormone producing cell, chemical substances in chyme stimulate cells in the stomach epithelium to release this hormone which reaches all the parts of the stomach through the bloodstream.

Answer 2

Gastrin

Question 3

The bacterial source of infection in stomach ulcers.

Answer 3

Heliobacter pylori

Question 4

Herbivore

Answer 4

Eat only plants, contain microorganisms that digest cellulose.

Question 5

Carnivore

Answer 5

Primarily adapted to consume animal flesh or fluids.

Question 6

Omnivore

Answer 6

Eat both plant and animal products

Question 7

Carbohydrates

Answer 7

—Energy source, source of carbon, in all food sources-especially starches. Component of some proteins.

Question 8

Proteins

Answer 8

—All food sources, especially meat, legumes, cereals, roots. Amino acids to make new proteins; build muscle; some are used as an energy source.

Question 9

Lipids

Answer 9

—All food sources, especially fatty meats, dairy, plant oil. Major component of cell membranes; energy source; thermal insulator; building blocks of some hormones.

Question 10

Nucleic Acids

Answer 10

—All food sources. Provide sugars, bases and phosphates that can be used to make DNA, RNA, and ATP.

Question 11

Suspension feeders

Answer 11

—sieve water, filter out the organic matter and expel the rest. (Mainly ocean dwellers)

Question 12

Bulk feeders

Answer 12

—organisms that eat food in large pieces. Carnivores that inhabit aquatic and terrestrial environments. Predators or scavengers.

Question 13

Fluid feeders

Answer 13

—lick or suck fluid from plants or animals and so do not need teeth except, perhaps, to puncture an animal’s skin—mosquitos.

Question 14

In contrast to the gastrovascular cavities of simple invertebrates, all other animals possess digestive systems that consist of a single elongated tube with an opening at both ends through which food passes from one end to the other. Made of smooth muscle.

Answer 14

Alimentary canal

Question 15

Explain the 5 part hormonal regulation of digestion in the stomach.

Answer 15

1. Stomach secretes gastrin into the blood in response to a meal.
2. Gastrin returns to the stomach and stimulates muscle contraction and acid production.
3. The partially digested food, which is called chyme, moves into the small intestine and stimulates the secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin into the blood.
4. CCK and secretin stimulate the secretion of digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions from the pancreas into the small intestine.
5. CCK also stimulates contraction of the gallbladder, which then releases bile into the small intestine.