Ch 4: The Church in the Middle Ages

Question 1

Muhammad

Answer 1

The founder of Islam, regarded as a prophet by Muslims

Question 2

Saints in the Middle Ages

Answer 2

St. Patrick, St. Augustine of Canterbury, St. Boniface

Question 3

Muslims

Answer 3

people who follow the religion of Islam

Question 4

Papal States

Answer 4

the territory in modern-day central Italy that was overseen by the pope from the eighth century until 1870

Question 5

Charlemagne

Answer 5

800 AD crowned by the Pope at Christmas Mass as the head of the Holy Roman Empire, which extended from northern Spain to western Germany and northern Italy.

Question 6

lay investiture

Answer 6

A practice in the Middle Ages whereby secular rulers chose the bishops for their territories, thus usurping the right of the pope to choose bishops.

Question 7

Simony

Answer 7

The controversial practice of selling and buying positions or favor within the Church. The Church condemns this practice.

Question 8

Feudalism

Answer 8

The governing system which prevailed in Europe in the Middle Ages in which a superior or lord granted land to a vassal in return for military services of that vassal.

Question 9

Albigensianism

Answer 9

a heresy that falsely taught that all matter is evil and the spirit is inherently good

Question 10

Transubstantiation

Answer 10

Church teaching that holds that the substance of the bread and wine is changed into the substance of the Body and Blood of Christ at the consecration at Mass

Question 11

Christendom

Answer 11

A time of great achievement in the Middle Ages when the Church and Western society were one

Question 12

Crusades

Answer 12

a series of military expeditions made according to a solemn vow to return holy places to the possession of the Church from the Muslims

Question 13

Papal Inquisition

Answer 13

A Church tribunal established in the thirteenth century that was first designed to curb the Albegensian and Cathar heresies. In collaboration with secular authorities, papal representatives employed the Inquisition to judge the guilt of suspected heretics with the aim of getting them to repent. Unfortunately, before long, many abuses crept into the process.

Question 14

Purgatory

Answer 14

Final purification of all who die in God’s grace and friendship but remain imperfectly purified.

Question 15

Papal Bull

Answer 15

An official letter or charter issued by the Pope, named for the bulla, or wax seal, that was used to authenticate it.

Question 16

Black Death

Answer 16

the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe

Question 17

Conciliarism

Answer 17

An erroneous idea, popular in the Middle Ages, that an ecumenical council of the Church had more authority than the pope and could depose him if they so desired.

Question 18

Scholasticism

Answer 18

The theological system that arose during the Middle Ages, developed notably by St. Thomas Aquinas, balancing faith and reason and relying heavily on classical philosophy and the Church Fathers.

Question 19

Thomism

Answer 19

Teachings that follow the theology and philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas, especially from the Summa Theologica

Question 20

St. Thomas Aquinas

Answer 20

Dominican and church’s greatest theologian, formed Catholics understanding of natural law. Wrote Summa Theologica

Question 21

St. Dominic de Guzman

Answer 21

Founder of the Order of Preachers (the Dominicans); fought against Albigensians

Question 22

St. Francis of Assisi

Answer 22

Italian saint who founded the Franciscan order of friars; treated all creatures, including animals, as spiritual brothers and sisters; born to wealthy merchant family and willingly gave up a life of comfort

Question 23

St. Clare of Assisi

Answer 23

Founded a religious order of women following St. Francis’ model of mendicant life (known as the Poor Clares)

Question 24

Mendicant Orders

Answer 24

“begging orders;” a unique variety of religious order that developed in the 13th century