Ch. 4 Terms and Definitions

Question 1

Medial

Answer 1

toward the midline of the body

Question 2

Lateral

Answer 2

away from the midline of the body

Question 3

Arthritis

Answer 3

inflammation of a joint; a state characterized by the inflammation of joints.

Question 4

Tendinitis

Answer 4

inflammation of a tendon.

Question 5

Sprains

Answer 5

a traumatic joint twist that results in stretching or tearing of the stabilizing connective tissues; mainly involves ligaments or joint capsules and causes discoloration, swelling and pain.

Question 6

Heart-rate (HR)

Answer 6

the number of heartbeats per minute

Question 7

Heat exhaustion

Answer 7

the most common heat related illness; usually the result of intense exercise in a hot humid environment and characterized by profuse sweating which results in fluid and electrolyte loss, drop in blood pressure, lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, decreased coordination, and often syncope (fainting).

Question 8

Heatstroke

Answer 8

a medical emergency that is the most serious form of heat illness due to heat overload and/or impairment of the body’s ability to dissipate heat; characterized by high body temperature (>104 degrees F or 40 degrees C)

Question 9

Hyperthermia

Answer 9

Abnormally high body temperature

Question 10

Hypothermia

Answer 10

Abnormally low body temperature.

Question 11

Blood pressure (BP)

Answer 11

the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of the arteries; measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) with a sphygmomanometer

Question 12

Hypertensive

Answer 12

High blood pressure or the elevation of resting blood pressure above 130/80 mmHg

Question 13

Convection

Answer 13

the transfer of heat through surrounding air or water molecules

Question 14

Evaporation

Answer 14

the process by which molecules in a liquid state spontaneously become gaseous.

Question 15

Base of support

Answer 15

the areas of contact between the feet and their supporting surface and the area between the feet.

Question 16

Strain

Answer 16

a stretch, tear, or rip in the muscle or adjacent tissue such as the fascia or tendon.

Question 17

Overuse injuries

Answer 17

an injury caused by activity that places too much stress on one area of the body over an extended period of time.

Question 18

Beats

Answer 18

Regular pulsations that have an even rhythm and occur in a continuous pattern of strong and weak pulsations.

Question 19

Downbeat

Answer 19

the regular strong pulsations in music occurring in a continuous pattern at an even rhythm .

Question 20

Upbeat

Answer 20

the deemphasized beat in a piece of music

Question 21

Meter

Answer 21

the organization of beats into musical patterns or measures

Question 22

Measure

Answer 22

one group of beats in a musical composition marked by the regular occurrence of the heavy accent.

Question 23

Accent

Answer 23

emphasis on a given beat

Question 24

Tempo

Answer 24

the rate of speed of music, usually expressed in beats per minute.

Question 25

Musical Phrase

Answer 25

a short musical passage; used as a means of choreographing movement to a piece of music.

Question 26

Dyspnea scale

Answer 26

a subjective 4-point scale that reflects an individual’s perception of the difficulty of breathing during physical activity with 1 reflecting mild difficulty and 4 reflecting severe difficulty that forces the individual to stop exercising.

Question 27

Pulse rate

Answer 27

the wave of pressure in the arteries that occurs each time the heart beats.

Question 28

Steady-state exercise

Answer 28

a state of aerobic exercise in which the intensity remains consistent, as opposed to alternating between higher and lower intensities.

Question 29

Maximal heart rate (MHR)

Answer 29

the highest rate a person can attain; HRmax

Question 30

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

Answer 30

a recording of the electrical activity of the heart.

Question 31

Heart-rate reserve (HRR)

Answer 31

to reserve capacity of the heart; the difference between maximal heart rate and resting heart rate. It reflects the heart’s ability to increase the rate of beating and cardiac output above resting level to maximum intensity.

Question 32

Resting heart rate (RHR)

Answer 32

the number of beats per minute when the body is at rest. Usually counted the first thing in the morning before any physical activity.

Question 33

Telemetry

Answer 33

the process by which measured quantities from a remote site are transmitted to a data collection point for recording and processing as what occurs during an electrocardiogram.

Question 34

VO2 max

Answer 34

considered the best indicator of cardiovascular endurance. It is the maximum amount of oxygen (mL) that a person can use in one minute per kilogram of body weight. Also called maximal oxygen uptake and maximal aerobic capacity.

Question 35

VO2 reserve (VO2r)

Answer 35

the difference between VO2max and VO2 at rest; used for programming aerobic exercise intensity

Question 36

Dyspnea

Answer 36

shortness of breath; a subjective difficulty or distress in breathing.

Question 37

Emphysema

Answer 37

an obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by the gradual destruction of the lung alveoli and the surrounding connective tissue, in addition to airway inflammation, leading to reduced ability to effectively inhale and exhale.

Question 38

Asthma

Answer 38

A chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that affects genetically susceptible individuals in response to various environmental triggers such as allergens, viral infections, exercise cold and stress.