Ch. 4 Terms and Definitions Flashcards
Medial
toward the midline of the body
Lateral
away from the midline of the body
Arthritis
inflammation of a joint; a state characterized by the inflammation of joints.
Tendinitis
inflammation of a tendon.
Sprains
a traumatic joint twist that results in stretching or tearing of the stabilizing connective tissues; mainly involves ligaments or joint capsules and causes discoloration, swelling and pain.
Heart-rate (HR)
the number of heartbeats per minute
Heat exhaustion
the most common heat related illness; usually the result of intense exercise in a hot humid environment and characterized by profuse sweating which results in fluid and electrolyte loss, drop in blood pressure, lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, decreased coordination, and often syncope (fainting).
Heatstroke
a medical emergency that is the most serious form of heat illness due to heat overload and/or impairment of the body’s ability to dissipate heat; characterized by high body temperature (>104 degrees F or 40 degrees C)
Hyperthermia
Abnormally high body temperature
Hypothermia
Abnormally low body temperature.
Blood pressure (BP)
the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of the arteries; measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) with a sphygmomanometer
Hypertensive
High blood pressure or the elevation of resting blood pressure above 130/80 mmHg
Convection
the transfer of heat through surrounding air or water molecules
Evaporation
the process by which molecules in a liquid state spontaneously become gaseous.
Base of support
the areas of contact between the feet and their supporting surface and the area between the feet.
Strain
a stretch, tear, or rip in the muscle or adjacent tissue such as the fascia or tendon.
Overuse injuries
an injury caused by activity that places too much stress on one area of the body over an extended period of time.
Beats
Regular pulsations that have an even rhythm and occur in a continuous pattern of strong and weak pulsations.
Downbeat
the regular strong pulsations in music occurring in a continuous pattern at an even rhythm .
Upbeat
the deemphasized beat in a piece of music
Meter
the organization of beats into musical patterns or measures
Measure
one group of beats in a musical composition marked by the regular occurrence of the heavy accent.
Accent
emphasis on a given beat
Tempo
the rate of speed of music, usually expressed in beats per minute.
Musical Phrase
a short musical passage; used as a means of choreographing movement to a piece of music.
Dyspnea scale
a subjective 4-point scale that reflects an individual’s perception of the difficulty of breathing during physical activity with 1 reflecting mild difficulty and 4 reflecting severe difficulty that forces the individual to stop exercising.
Pulse rate
the wave of pressure in the arteries that occurs each time the heart beats.
Steady-state exercise
a state of aerobic exercise in which the intensity remains consistent, as opposed to alternating between higher and lower intensities.
Maximal heart rate (MHR)
the highest rate a person can attain; HRmax
Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
a recording of the electrical activity of the heart.
Heart-rate reserve (HRR)
to reserve capacity of the heart; the difference between maximal heart rate and resting heart rate. It reflects the heart’s ability to increase the rate of beating and cardiac output above resting level to maximum intensity.
Resting heart rate (RHR)
the number of beats per minute when the body is at rest. Usually counted the first thing in the morning before any physical activity.
Telemetry
the process by which measured quantities from a remote site are transmitted to a data collection point for recording and processing as what occurs during an electrocardiogram.
VO2 max
considered the best indicator of cardiovascular endurance. It is the maximum amount of oxygen (mL) that a person can use in one minute per kilogram of body weight. Also called maximal oxygen uptake and maximal aerobic capacity.
VO2 reserve (VO2r)
the difference between VO2max and VO2 at rest; used for programming aerobic exercise intensity
Dyspnea
shortness of breath; a subjective difficulty or distress in breathing.
Emphysema
an obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by the gradual destruction of the lung alveoli and the surrounding connective tissue, in addition to airway inflammation, leading to reduced ability to effectively inhale and exhale.
Asthma
A chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that affects genetically susceptible individuals in response to various environmental triggers such as allergens, viral infections, exercise cold and stress.
