Ch. 2 Terms and Definitions

Question 1

Body Fat

Answer 1

a component of the body, the primary role of which is to store energy for later use.

Question 2

Body Composition

Answer 2

the make up of the body in terms of the relative percentage of fat-free mass and body fat.

Question 3

Cardiorespiratory Endurance

Answer 3

the capacity of the heart, blood vessels and lungs to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the working muscles and tissues during sustained exercise and to remove metabolic waste products that would result in fatigue.

Question 4

Muscular Strength

Answer 4

the maximal force a muscle or muscle group can exert during contraction.

Question 5

Muscular Endurance

Answer 5

the ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert force against resistance over a sustained period of time.

Question 6

Progressions

Answer 6

the systematic process of applying overload. For example, in resistance training, more resistance is added to progress the training stimulus.

Question 7

Plyometric

Answer 7

High intensity movements such as jumping, involving high force loading of body weight during the land phase of the movement that take advantage of the stretch shortening cycle.

Question 8

Regressions

Answer 8

Offering participants ways or modifications to decrease the intensity or complexity of an exercise or movement.

Question 9

Range of motion (ROM)

Answer 9

the number of degrees that an articulation (joint) will allow one of its segments to move.

Question 10

Heart-rate (HR)

Answer 10

the number of heartbeats per minute.

Question 11

Adherence

Answer 11

the extent to which people follow their plans of treatment recommendations. Exercise adherence is the extent to which people follow an exercise program.

Question 12

Rehearsal move

Answer 12

a movement typically performed during the warm-up phase in a group fitness class that mimics and upcoming conditioning exercise and helps prepare the neuromuscular system for increased intensity.

Question 13

Neuromuscular efficiency

Answer 13

the ability of the neuromuscular system to allow muscles that produce movements and muscles that provide stability to work together synergistically as an integrated functional unit.

Question 14

Tendon

Answer 14

a band of fibrous tissue forming at the termination (end) of a muscle and attaching the muscle to a bone.

Question 15

Ligament

Answer 15

a strong fibrous tissue that connects one bone to another.

Question 16

Lactic acid

Answer 16

a metabolic by-product of anaerobic glycolysis; when it accumulates it decreases blood Ph (acidity) which slows down enzyme activity and ultimately causes fatigue.

Question 17

Fatigue

Answer 17

the decline in ability of a muscle to generate force.

Question 18

Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE)

Answer 18

a scale that provides a standard means for evaluating a participant’s perception of exercise effort. (0-10)

Question 19

Activities of daily living (ADL)

Answer 19

Activities normally performed for hygiene, bathing, household chores, walking, shopping, and similar activities.

Question 20

Stretch reflex

Answer 20

An involuntary motor response that when stimulated causes a suddenly stretched muscle to respond with a corresponding contraction.

Question 21

Muscle spindle

Answer 21

the sensory organ within a muscle that is sensitive to stretch and thus protects the muscle against too much stretch.

Question 22

Golgi tendon organ (GTO)

Answer 22

a sensory organ within a tendon that when stimulated causes an inhibition of the entire muscle group to protect against too much force.

Question 23

Posture

Answer 23

the arrangement of the body and its limbs

Question 24

Specificity

Answer 24

Exercise training principal explaining that specific exercise demands made on the body produce specific responses by the body; also called exercise specificity.

Question 25

Progressive overload

Answer 25

the gradual increase of physiological stress placed on the body during a program of exercise training.

Question 26

Reversibility

Answer 26

the principle of exercise training that suggests that any improvement in physical fitness due to physical activity is entirely reversible with the discontinuation of the training program.

Question 27

Sedentary

Answer 27

doing or requiring much sitting; minimal activity

Question 28

Overweight

Answer 28

a term to describe an excessive amount of weight for a given height using height to weight ratios.