Ch. 2 Terms and Definitions Flashcards
Body Fat
a component of the body, the primary role of which is to store energy for later use.
Body Composition
the make up of the body in terms of the relative percentage of fat-free mass and body fat.
Cardiorespiratory Endurance
the capacity of the heart, blood vessels and lungs to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the working muscles and tissues during sustained exercise and to remove metabolic waste products that would result in fatigue.
Muscular Strength
the maximal force a muscle or muscle group can exert during contraction.
Muscular Endurance
the ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert force against resistance over a sustained period of time.
Progressions
the systematic process of applying overload. For example, in resistance training, more resistance is added to progress the training stimulus.
Plyometric
High intensity movements such as jumping, involving high force loading of body weight during the land phase of the movement that take advantage of the stretch shortening cycle.
Regressions
Offering participants ways or modifications to decrease the intensity or complexity of an exercise or movement.
Range of motion (ROM)
the number of degrees that an articulation (joint) will allow one of its segments to move.
Heart-rate (HR)
the number of heartbeats per minute.
Adherence
the extent to which people follow their plans of treatment recommendations. Exercise adherence is the extent to which people follow an exercise program.
Rehearsal move
a movement typically performed during the warm-up phase in a group fitness class that mimics and upcoming conditioning exercise and helps prepare the neuromuscular system for increased intensity.
Neuromuscular efficiency
the ability of the neuromuscular system to allow muscles that produce movements and muscles that provide stability to work together synergistically as an integrated functional unit.
Tendon
a band of fibrous tissue forming at the termination (end) of a muscle and attaching the muscle to a bone.
Ligament
a strong fibrous tissue that connects one bone to another.
Lactic acid
a metabolic by-product of anaerobic glycolysis; when it accumulates it decreases blood Ph (acidity) which slows down enzyme activity and ultimately causes fatigue.
Fatigue
the decline in ability of a muscle to generate force.
Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE)
a scale that provides a standard means for evaluating a participant’s perception of exercise effort. (0-10)
Activities of daily living (ADL)
Activities normally performed for hygiene, bathing, household chores, walking, shopping, and similar activities.
Stretch reflex
An involuntary motor response that when stimulated causes a suddenly stretched muscle to respond with a corresponding contraction.
Muscle spindle
the sensory organ within a muscle that is sensitive to stretch and thus protects the muscle against too much stretch.
Golgi tendon organ (GTO)
a sensory organ within a tendon that when stimulated causes an inhibition of the entire muscle group to protect against too much force.
Posture
the arrangement of the body and its limbs
Specificity
Exercise training principal explaining that specific exercise demands made on the body produce specific responses by the body; also called exercise specificity.
Progressive overload
the gradual increase of physiological stress placed on the body during a program of exercise training.
Reversibility
the principle of exercise training that suggests that any improvement in physical fitness due to physical activity is entirely reversible with the discontinuation of the training program.
Sedentary
doing or requiring much sitting; minimal activity
Overweight
a term to describe an excessive amount of weight for a given height using height to weight ratios.
