Ch 4 Terms

Question 1

abductor

Answer 1

a muscle that draws a limb away from the body

Question 2

adductor

Answer 2

a muscle that draws a limb toward the body

Question 3

urinalysis

Answer 3

lab analysis of the urine that aids in he diagnosis of many conditions

Question 4

antibiotic

Answer 4

destroys or inhibits growth of bacteria

Question 5

antibody

Answer 5

protein produced against an antigen (foreign body)

Question 6

antigen

Answer 6

substance that stimulates the production of an antibody

Question 7

antisepsis

Answer 7

fights infection

Question 8

antitoxin

Answer 8

antibody (often found in animals) that acts against a toxin

Question 9

bifurcation

Answer 9

normal splitting of 2 branches

ex: trachea splitting into 2 bronchi

Question 10

bradycardia

Answer 10

slow heart rate < 60 bpm

Question 11

hemodialysis

Answer 11

waste materials are separated from the blood via a machine (artificial kidney) when the kidneys can’t function

Question 12

muscular dystrophy

Answer 12

a condition that causes muscular weakness and deterioration

Question 13

ectopic pregnancy

Answer 13

pregnancy outside the uterus

Question 14

euphoria

Answer 14

feeling of well-being

Question 15

euthyroid

Answer 15

normal thyroid function

Question 16

exophthalmos

Answer 16

protrusion of the eyeball associated with the enlargement and overactivity of the thyroid gland

Question 17

hyperglycemia

Answer 17

high blood sugar levels

a sign of diabetes mellitus

Question 18

hyperplasia

Answer 18

an increase in cell numbers

characteristic of tumor growth

Question 19

hypertrophy

Answer 19

an increase in size of individual cells

muscle, cardiac, and renal cells exhibit hypertrophy when the workload is increased

Question 20

hypertension

Answer 20

high blood pressure

Question 21

macrocephalic

Answer 21

congenital abnormality when the brain is too large

associated with excess fluid in the brain

Question 22

malaise

Answer 22

discomfort

symptom of illness often marking the onset of a disease

Question 23

metacarpal bones

Answer 23

5 hand bones that lie beyond the wrist bones but before the fingers (phalanges)

Question 24

metastasis

Answer 24

a malignant tumor that has spread to a secondary location

Question 25

neonatal

Answer 25

interval from birth to 28 days

Question 26

pancytopenia

Answer 26

deficiency of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes

Question 27

paralysis

Answer 27

abnormal disruption of the connection between nerve and muscle

Question 28

prodrome

Answer 28

period where signs and symptoms appear before the actual illness and signal its onset

Question 29

prosthesis

Answer 29

an artificial limb or structure

Question 30

relapse

Answer 30

a disease or its signs/symptoms return after and apparent recovery

Question 31

remission

Answer 31

signs and symptoms lessen and the patient feels better

Question 32

retroflexion

Answer 32

an abnormal position of an organ, such as the uterus, bent or tilted backwards

Question 33

synthesis

Answer 33

components come together to form something else

Question 34

symphysis

Answer 34

a joint in which the bony surfaces are firmly united by a layer of fibrocartilage

Question 35

symbiosis

Answer 35

2 organisms live together in close association, either for mutual benefit or not