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Strategy And Tactics > Ch 4 Size Up > Flashcards

Ch 4 Size Up Flashcards

1
Q

_______ is a continuous process that actually begins before an incident is reported and continues throughout the incident

A

Size up

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2
Q

When considering the foundation for your decision making process, think about four components; facts, perceptions, and projections and_______

A

Probabilities

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3
Q

Construction type and_____dictate strategy and tactics

A

Occupancy

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4
Q

In addition to the construction types, materials, and structural weaknesses of a building, knowing the________ of the building will also improve the success and safety of rescuers at an incident

A

Layout

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5
Q

Tar, soot, and ______are the most common heated particles found in smoke, giving it the black color

A

Carbon

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6
Q

Light ________ Smoke indicates that pyrolysis is occurring in areas adjacent to the main body of fire

A

White

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7
Q

_______ wispy smoke can indicate pyrolysis in a compartment fire and should be considered unburned fuel

A

White

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8
Q

On cold days when the temperature is below freezing, smoke immediately turns ______ and turbulent on leaving the structure

A

White

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9
Q

_______ smoke is common in mid stage heating as moisture mixes with gases and carbon as pyrolysis increases

A

Brown

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10
Q

_______ smoke is an indication of burning wood, whether unfinished found largely in attic‘s, or finished as found in structural wood members

A

Brown

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11
Q

Black smoke contains high quantities of carbon particles and is also an indicator of the amount of ________ available at the seat of fire

A

Ventilation

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12
Q

Thin _____ smoke is the direct result of heat from a flame

A

Black

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13
Q

Thin, black smoke with smooth lines exiting high in an opening and going straight up indicates______ driven smoke with good ventilation

A

Flame

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14
Q

In addition to indicating the materials it is burning, thick, black smoke suggest the fire is in the late stages of _______, which produces large amounts of carbon as unburned product

A

Pyrolysis

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15
Q

_____ fire refers to dense, black smoke that is ready to ignite, possibly at the vent point

A

Black

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16
Q

A ______ Neutral plane may indicate that a fire is in the early stages of development

A

High

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17
Q

When the neutral plane is roughly centered between the ceiling and floor, the fire is beginning to be ________ controlled, and flashover conditions are developing

A

Ventilation

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18
Q

______ pushed smoke will usually flow, neither smooth nor turbulent

A

Volume

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19
Q

The darker and more ______ the smoke is, the closer you are to a rapid fire event

A

Turbulent

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20
Q

The movement of smoke can be described in terms of_____ and direction

A

Speed

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21
Q

The movement of smoke can be described in terms of speed and direction. When those two factors are considered at the same time, they are discussed in terms of ________

A

Velocity

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22
Q

Air movement is rapid and turbulent as a fire becomes_______ controlled

A

Ventilation

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23
Q

A rapid intake of fresh air can be an indicator of a fire reaching______ conditions

A

Flash over

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24
Q

A sudden in total rush of fresh air into a compartment can indicate that a______ condition is imminent

A

Backdraft

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25
Q

Ventilation limited conditions can result in smoke______ out of openings within a structure

A

Pulsing

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26
Q

________ Noise created by the movement of air into the structure can indicate fire conditions approaching or at the ventilation limited phase

A

Whistling

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27
Q

Three common types of movement in smoke are; floating or hanging, ________, and heat pushed

A

Volume pushed

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28
Q

The _____ in the smoke will determine the smokes speed

A

Heat

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29
Q

______ smoke means the fire has an open area of travel, while white indicates a filtered area of travel

A

Black

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30
Q

While _______ indicates high interior temperatures, this is an indicator mostly seen on single pane windows

A

Crazing

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31
Q

An ___________ is a type of size up that should be employed to evaluate the potential of an occupant being alive within a structural fire environment

A

Occupant survival profile

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32
Q

Type of incident size up that evaluate whether in incident should be treated as a rescue or recovery

A

Occupant survival profile

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33
Q

The environment within a modern structural fire can quickly exceed ______ with the potential for flashover to occur within minutes

A

500°F

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34
Q

________ is a system that optimizes the utilization of all available resources, personnel, procedures, and equipment in order to promote safety and improve operational efficiency

A

Crew resource management

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35
Q

Small windows between floors usually indicate______ placement

A

Stair

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36
Q

The life hazard to occupants will be largely determined by the ______ type and the time of day

A

Occupancy

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37
Q

Studies of human behavioral patterns indicate that most people will exit through the door that they entered. However, building codes only require it to handle _____percent of the occupant load to exit through that opening, providing there are other exit spaced evenly around the structure

A

50%

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38
Q

A ____ occupancy is a building or structure, or any portion thereof, that is used for office, professional, or service type business

A

Business

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39
Q

A ________ occupancy is generally defined as any building that is used to display or sell merchandise, including retail locations

A

Mercantile

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40
Q

________ occupancy‘s include hospitals, nursing homes, daycare centers, and detention/ correctional institutions

A

Institutional

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41
Q

An assembly occupancy is defined as a building or structure, or any portion thereof, that is used for the gatherings of ____or more persons

A

50

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42
Q

The largest life loss fires occurred in ______ occupancy‘s

A

Assembly

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43
Q

An existing residential or commercial property that is for sale may be considered un occupied when an occupant has moved out of it. Is classified as_______

A

Unoccupied

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44
Q

A residential or commercial property that is empty and may have all entrances secured or boarded up is classified as _______

A

Vacant

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45
Q

A property that has been vacant for sometime is classified as_______

A

Abandoned

46
Q

Knowing the type of ______ can help you project potential fire growth, potential directions to fire travel, and ways to use the structure to protect occupants

A

Construction

47
Q

Your________ are based on observations influenced by your knowledge, biases, beliefs, and past experiences

A

Perceptions

48
Q

Water moisture and ______ give the smoke it’s white color

A

Heated gases

49
Q

In addition to indicating the material it is burning, thick black smoke suggest the fire is in the late stages of pyrolysis, which produces large amounts of carbon as unburned product. This characteristic indicates a high percentage of ______gas in smoke, creating a highly flammable and toxic atmosphere

A

Carbon monoxide

50
Q

As smoke travels further from the seat of the fire, it will lose its black color and become ________pushed, meaning that its own mass is the primary energy causing it to move

A

Volume

51
Q

_____ smoke indicates a small, early stage fire, mostly containing moisture from the first stage of pyrolysis

A

Lazy

52
Q

______ pushed smoke is characterized by its speed and direction, which can be described as a turbulent flow or laminar flow

A

Heat

53
Q

On commercial occupancy ,, multiple locks, security grills, and rollup doors, delay entry, but are good indication that the space is _______

A

Unoccupied

54
Q

Anytime a crew enters in IDLH environment, air management should be followed to ensure that all personnel have sufficient air for time to exit prior to the activation of the ________

A

End of service time indicator

55
Q

The _______ Process begins when the alarm is sounding or your pager is activated

A

Size up

56
Q

The _____ Of the situation are things you know to be true

A

Facts

57
Q

Your _____ How are based on observations influenced by your knowledge, biases, beliefs and past experiences

A

Perceptions

58
Q

Maintain situational awareness and continually reassess the situation to prevent from developing _______

A

Tunnel vision

59
Q

______ Are things that are likely to occur based on a given situation

A

Probabilities

60
Q

Research by the national Institute of science and technology and underwriters laboratory has shown that with modern construction and furnishings many fires are ____ and ______

A

Oxygen lean, fuel rich

61
Q

The occupational safety and health administration, some state regulations, and ______ mandate the presence of an RIC\RIT outside of the IDLH environment for the potential rescue of firefighters

A

NFPA standards

62
Q

The _______ Command post is proven based on NIOSH reporting to be a safer command option, but other AHJ give other types of command operations such as mobile

A

Stationary

63
Q

While your crew may assist with information collection and offer suggestions, the ___ is responsible for making all decisions

A

IC

64
Q

______ and heated gases give the smoke it’s white color

A

Water moisture

65
Q

_____ Maybe used to troubleshoot the types of materials included in a fire

A

Smoke color

66
Q

_____ Smoke has lost particles because the particles have cooled from travel, water, and the addition of cold air

A

White

67
Q

A deep seeded fire, where the smoke has been filtered or cooled from travel will also be ______

A

White

68
Q

When smoke is forced from a structure through cracks it filters large particles and will be ______

A

White

69
Q

____ Smoke explosion is rare

A

White

70
Q

Brown smoke is common in ____ heating as moisture mixes with gases and carbon as pyrolysis increases

A

Mid stage

71
Q

_______ smoke is an indication of burning wood, whether unfinished, Found largely in attics or finished as found in structural wood members

A

Brown

72
Q

_____ Smoke indicates a combination of mixing

A

Gray

73
Q

_____ Smoke contains high quantities of carbon particles and is also an indicator of the amount of ventilation available at the seat of a fire

A

Black

74
Q

_______ Smoke is the direct result of heat from a flame

A

Thin black

75
Q

When ______ Smoke is fast moving or otherwise active, it indicates that the fire is nearby

A

Thin black

76
Q

In addition to indicating the materials it is burning, ______ smoke suggest that the fire is in the late stages of pyrolysis which produces large amounts of carbon as unburned product

A

Thick black

77
Q

_____ Smoke should give personnel an indication that different extinguishing agent may be needed

A

Unusual color

78
Q

Flammable ______ will give off uncharacteristic colors of smoke as they burn

A

Metals and chemicals

79
Q

A neutral plane ______ may indicate that the compartment is reaching flashover conditions or that the fire is at a grade below the room being observed

A

Close to the floor

80
Q

The _____ The smoke the lower the visibility and the more likely the heat buildup indicates a pending flashover

A

Denser

81
Q

The ______ is the volume between an inlet and an outlet that allows the movement of heat and smoke from the higher pressure within the fire area towards the lower pressure areas accessible via doors and window openings

A

Flow path

82
Q

Slow movement of fresh air in the direction of a fire can indicate that the fire is still in the early stages and still _______

A

Fuel controlled

83
Q

Air movement is rapid and turbulent as a fire becomes ______

A

Ventilation controlled

84
Q

A ______ of fresh air into a compartment can indicate the a backdraft condition is imminent 

A

Sudden and total rush

85
Q

_______ Conditions can result in smoke pulsing out of openings within a structure

A

Ventilation limited

86
Q

Whistling noise created by the movement of air into the structure can indicate fire conditions approaching or at the _______ phase

A

Ventilation limited

87
Q

The _____ In the smoke will determine the smokes speed

A

Heat

88
Q

______ Smoke is the same temperature as the air around it

A

Floating or hanging

89
Q

____ smoke means the fire has an open area of travel, while _____indicates a filtered area of travel

A

Black, white

90
Q

____ Smoke is characterized by its speed and direction which can be described as turbulent flow or laminar flow

A

Heat pushed

91
Q

_____ Smoke is heat pushed and not obstructed or ventilation limited

A

Laminar

92
Q

____ Is a form of energy transferred from one body to another as a result of a temperature difference

A

Heat

93
Q

While crazing indicates high interior temperatures, this is an indicator mostly seen on_____ windows

A

Single pane

94
Q

The _____ Does not need to be in writing on relatively small, routine incidents involving only and initial assignment

A

Plan of operation/IAP

95
Q

Modern fire conditions are increasingly more hazardous compared to ______construction

A

Legacy

96
Q

The environment within a modern structural fire can quickly exceed ___ with the potential for flashover to occur within minutes

A

500°F

97
Q

_____ Is designed to create a culture or climate of freedom in which personnel are encouraged to contribute to the safety and goals of mitigating the incident

A

CRM

98
Q

Using ____ Assist personnel in identifying the first indicator of errors occurring, the discrepancy between what is happening and what should be happening

A

CRM

99
Q

The first in company officer should consider pulling past the address to get a _____ view of the structure to assist with both at the size up and the initial arrival report

A

Three sided

100
Q

______ Windows are energy efficient, prevent access or egress and May on low heat and smoke to build up in the compartment or structure

A

Solid non-opening

101
Q

Small windows between floors usually indicate ____ placement

A

Stair

102
Q

_____ Windows are usually obscured for privacy and smaller than other windows

A

Bathroom

103
Q

Hotels, motels, and guest accommodations are likely to be occupied by ______who are unfamiliar with the structure, the exits or the evacuation plan

A

Transient residents 

104
Q

______ occupancies contain both large quantities of combustible materials and the potential for high life loss

A

Mercantile

105
Q

A building used for two or more occupancy times, classified within different occupancy groups

A

Mixed occupancy type

106
Q

_____ occupants are those who are capable of moving on their own, and _____ persons are those who require assistance

A

Ambulatory, non-ambulatory

107
Q

Although the terms vacant and abandoned may be used to describe the same conditions, the key difference is the _____ the structure has been unused or un-inhabitable

A

Length of time

108
Q

When making your size up, implement a ______for all buildings that are suspected to be unoccupied, vacant, or abandoned

A

Risk benefit analysis

109
Q

_____ Conditions can have a negative affect on structural firefighting operations by reducing the effectiveness and efficiency of your resources

A

Weather

110
Q

______ Can cause smoke to remain close to the ground obscuring possibility of the building

A

High humidity

111
Q

_____ provide you with insight on conditions upon which to provide the initial report and base the initial decisions

A

Visual indicators

Strategy And Tactics (7 decks)

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