Ch 4 Size Up Flashcards
1
Q
_______ is a continuous process that actually begins before an incident is reported and continues throughout the incident
A
Size up
2
Q
When considering the foundation for your decision making process, think about four components; facts, perceptions, and projections and_______
A
Probabilities
3
Q
Construction type and_____dictate strategy and tactics
A
Occupancy
4
Q
In addition to the construction types, materials, and structural weaknesses of a building, knowing the________ of the building will also improve the success and safety of rescuers at an incident
A
Layout
5
Q
Tar, soot, and ______are the most common heated particles found in smoke, giving it the black color
A
Carbon
6
Q
Light ________ Smoke indicates that pyrolysis is occurring in areas adjacent to the main body of fire
A
White
7
Q
_______ wispy smoke can indicate pyrolysis in a compartment fire and should be considered unburned fuel
A
White
8
Q
On cold days when the temperature is below freezing, smoke immediately turns ______ and turbulent on leaving the structure
A
White
9
Q
_______ smoke is common in mid stage heating as moisture mixes with gases and carbon as pyrolysis increases
A
Brown
10
Q
_______ smoke is an indication of burning wood, whether unfinished found largely in attic‘s, or finished as found in structural wood members
A
Brown
11
Q
Black smoke contains high quantities of carbon particles and is also an indicator of the amount of ________ available at the seat of fire
A
Ventilation
12
Q
Thin _____ smoke is the direct result of heat from a flame
A
Black
13
Q
Thin, black smoke with smooth lines exiting high in an opening and going straight up indicates______ driven smoke with good ventilation
A
Flame
14
Q
In addition to indicating the materials it is burning, thick, black smoke suggest the fire is in the late stages of _______, which produces large amounts of carbon as unburned product
A
Pyrolysis
15
Q
_____ fire refers to dense, black smoke that is ready to ignite, possibly at the vent point
A
Black
16
Q
A ______ Neutral plane may indicate that a fire is in the early stages of development
A
High
17
Q
When the neutral plane is roughly centered between the ceiling and floor, the fire is beginning to be ________ controlled, and flashover conditions are developing
A
Ventilation
18
Q
______ pushed smoke will usually flow, neither smooth nor turbulent
A
Volume
19
Q
The darker and more ______ the smoke is, the closer you are to a rapid fire event
A
Turbulent
20
Q
The movement of smoke can be described in terms of_____ and direction
A
Speed
21
Q
The movement of smoke can be described in terms of speed and direction. When those two factors are considered at the same time, they are discussed in terms of ________
A
Velocity
22
Q
Air movement is rapid and turbulent as a fire becomes_______ controlled
A
Ventilation
23
Q
A rapid intake of fresh air can be an indicator of a fire reaching______ conditions
A
Flash over
24
Q
A sudden in total rush of fresh air into a compartment can indicate that a______ condition is imminent
A
Backdraft
25
Ventilation limited conditions can result in smoke______ out of openings within a structure
Pulsing
26
________ Noise created by the movement of air into the structure can indicate fire conditions approaching or at the ventilation limited phase
Whistling
27
Three common types of movement in smoke are; floating or hanging, ________, and heat pushed
Volume pushed
28
The _____ in the smoke will determine the smokes speed
Heat
29
______ smoke means the fire has an open area of travel, while white indicates a filtered area of travel
Black
30
While _______ indicates high interior temperatures, this is an indicator mostly seen on single pane windows
Crazing
31
An ___________ is a type of size up that should be employed to evaluate the potential of an occupant being alive within a structural fire environment
Occupant survival profile
32
Type of incident size up that evaluate whether in incident should be treated as a rescue or recovery
Occupant survival profile
33
The environment within a modern structural fire can quickly exceed ______ with the potential for flashover to occur within minutes
500°F
34
________ is a system that optimizes the utilization of all available resources, personnel, procedures, and equipment in order to promote safety and improve operational efficiency
Crew resource management
35
Small windows between floors usually indicate______ placement
Stair
36
The life hazard to occupants will be largely determined by the ______ type and the time of day
Occupancy
37
Studies of human behavioral patterns indicate that most people will exit through the door that they entered. However, building codes only require it to handle _____percent of the occupant load to exit through that opening, providing there are other exit spaced evenly around the structure
50%
38
A ____ occupancy is a building or structure, or any portion thereof, that is used for office, professional, or service type business
Business
39
A ________ occupancy is generally defined as any building that is used to display or sell merchandise, including retail locations
Mercantile
40
________ occupancy‘s include hospitals, nursing homes, daycare centers, and detention/ correctional institutions
Institutional
41
An assembly occupancy is defined as a building or structure, or any portion thereof, that is used for the gatherings of ____or more persons
50
42
The largest life loss fires occurred in ______ occupancy‘s
Assembly
43
An existing residential or commercial property that is for sale may be considered un occupied when an occupant has moved out of it. Is classified as_______
Unoccupied
44
A residential or commercial property that is empty and may have all entrances secured or boarded up is classified as _______
Vacant
45
A property that has been vacant for sometime is classified as_______
Abandoned
46
Knowing the type of ______ can help you project potential fire growth, potential directions to fire travel, and ways to use the structure to protect occupants
Construction
47
Your________ are based on observations influenced by your knowledge, biases, beliefs, and past experiences
Perceptions
48
Water moisture and ______ give the smoke it’s white color
Heated gases
49
In addition to indicating the material it is burning, thick black smoke suggest the fire is in the late stages of pyrolysis, which produces large amounts of carbon as unburned product. This characteristic indicates a high percentage of ______gas in smoke, creating a highly flammable and toxic atmosphere
Carbon monoxide
50
As smoke travels further from the seat of the fire, it will lose its black color and become ________pushed, meaning that its own mass is the primary energy causing it to move
Volume
51
_____ smoke indicates a small, early stage fire, mostly containing moisture from the first stage of pyrolysis
Lazy
52
______ pushed smoke is characterized by its speed and direction, which can be described as a turbulent flow or laminar flow
Heat
53
On commercial occupancy ,, multiple locks, security grills, and rollup doors, delay entry, but are good indication that the space is _______
Unoccupied
54
Anytime a crew enters in IDLH environment, air management should be followed to ensure that all personnel have sufficient air for time to exit prior to the activation of the ________
End of service time indicator
55
The _______ Process begins when the alarm is sounding or your pager is activated
Size up
56
The _____ Of the situation are things you know to be true
Facts
57
Your _____ How are based on observations influenced by your knowledge, biases, beliefs and past experiences
Perceptions
58
Maintain situational awareness and continually reassess the situation to prevent from developing _______
Tunnel vision
59
______ Are things that are likely to occur based on a given situation
Probabilities
60
Research by the national Institute of science and technology and underwriters laboratory has shown that with modern construction and furnishings many fires are ____ and ______
Oxygen lean, fuel rich
61
The occupational safety and health administration, some state regulations, and ______ mandate the presence of an RIC\RIT outside of the IDLH environment for the potential rescue of firefighters
NFPA standards
62
The _______ Command post is proven based on NIOSH reporting to be a safer command option, but other AHJ give other types of command operations such as mobile
Stationary
63
While your crew may assist with information collection and offer suggestions, the ___ is responsible for making all decisions
IC
64
______ and heated gases give the smoke it’s white color
Water moisture
65
_____ Maybe used to troubleshoot the types of materials included in a fire
Smoke color
66
_____ Smoke has lost particles because the particles have cooled from travel, water, and the addition of cold air
White
67
A deep seeded fire, where the smoke has been filtered or cooled from travel will also be ______
White
68
When smoke is forced from a structure through cracks it filters large particles and will be ______
White
69
____ Smoke explosion is rare
White
70
Brown smoke is common in ____ heating as moisture mixes with gases and carbon as pyrolysis increases
Mid stage
71
_______ smoke is an indication of burning wood, whether unfinished, Found largely in attics or finished as found in structural wood members
Brown
72
_____ Smoke indicates a combination of mixing
Gray
73
_____ Smoke contains high quantities of carbon particles and is also an indicator of the amount of ventilation available at the seat of a fire
Black
74
_______ Smoke is the direct result of heat from a flame
Thin black
75
When ______ Smoke is fast moving or otherwise active, it indicates that the fire is nearby
Thin black
76
In addition to indicating the materials it is burning, ______ smoke suggest that the fire is in the late stages of pyrolysis which produces large amounts of carbon as unburned product
Thick black
77
_____ Smoke should give personnel an indication that different extinguishing agent may be needed
Unusual color
78
Flammable ______ will give off uncharacteristic colors of smoke as they burn
Metals and chemicals
79
A neutral plane ______ may indicate that the compartment is reaching flashover conditions or that the fire is at a grade below the room being observed
Close to the floor
80
The _____ The smoke the lower the visibility and the more likely the heat buildup indicates a pending flashover
Denser
81
The ______ is the volume between an inlet and an outlet that allows the movement of heat and smoke from the higher pressure within the fire area towards the lower pressure areas accessible via doors and window openings
Flow path
82
Slow movement of fresh air in the direction of a fire can indicate that the fire is still in the early stages and still _______
Fuel controlled
83
Air movement is rapid and turbulent as a fire becomes ______
Ventilation controlled
84
A ______ of fresh air into a compartment can indicate the a backdraft condition is imminent 
Sudden and total rush
85
_______ Conditions can result in smoke pulsing out of openings within a structure
Ventilation limited
86
Whistling noise created by the movement of air into the structure can indicate fire conditions approaching or at the _______ phase
Ventilation limited
87
The _____ In the smoke will determine the smokes speed
Heat
88
______ Smoke is the same temperature as the air around it
Floating or hanging
89
____ smoke means the fire has an open area of travel, while _____indicates a filtered area of travel
Black, white
90
____ Smoke is characterized by its speed and direction which can be described as turbulent flow or laminar flow
Heat pushed
91
_____ Smoke is heat pushed and not obstructed or ventilation limited
Laminar
92
____ Is a form of energy transferred from one body to another as a result of a temperature difference
Heat
93
While crazing indicates high interior temperatures, this is an indicator mostly seen on_____ windows
Single pane
94
The _____ Does not need to be in writing on relatively small, routine incidents involving only and initial assignment
Plan of operation/IAP
95
Modern fire conditions are increasingly more hazardous compared to ______construction
Legacy
96
The environment within a modern structural fire can quickly exceed ___ with the potential for flashover to occur within minutes
500°F
97
_____ Is designed to create a culture or climate of freedom in which personnel are encouraged to contribute to the safety and goals of mitigating the incident
CRM
98
Using ____ Assist personnel in identifying the first indicator of errors occurring, the discrepancy between what is happening and what should be happening
CRM
99
The first in company officer should consider pulling past the address to get a _____ view of the structure to assist with both at the size up and the initial arrival report
Three sided
100
______ Windows are energy efficient, prevent access or egress and May on low heat and smoke to build up in the compartment or structure
Solid non-opening
101
Small windows between floors usually indicate ____ placement
Stair
102
_____ Windows are usually obscured for privacy and smaller than other windows
Bathroom
103
Hotels, motels, and guest accommodations are likely to be occupied by ______who are unfamiliar with the structure, the exits or the evacuation plan
Transient residents 
104
______ occupancies contain both large quantities of combustible materials and the potential for high life loss
Mercantile
105
A building used for two or more occupancy times, classified within different occupancy groups
Mixed occupancy type
106
_____ occupants are those who are capable of moving on their own, and _____ persons are those who require assistance
Ambulatory, non-ambulatory
107
Although the terms vacant and abandoned may be used to describe the same conditions, the key difference is the _____ the structure has been unused or un-inhabitable
Length of time
108
When making your size up, implement a ______for all buildings that are suspected to be unoccupied, vacant, or abandoned
Risk benefit analysis
109
_____ Conditions can have a negative affect on structural firefighting operations by reducing the effectiveness and efficiency of your resources
Weather
110
______ Can cause smoke to remain close to the ground obscuring possibility of the building
High humidity
111
_____ provide you with insight on conditions upon which to provide the initial report and base the initial decisions
Visual indicators
