ch 4- reactions of ionic compounds Flashcards by saraaaa t

How does Ionic bonding work

-In ionic bonding=Metal atoms donate their valence electrons to non-metal atoms to form cations and anions.
-Cations are electrostatically attracted to anions.
-Ionic compounds(salts have no overall charge.)

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Ion(n.)

An atom that has lost or gained electrons to become a charged particle

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Cation(n.)

A positively charged ion formed when one or more valence electrons are lost.

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Anion(n.)

A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains one or more valence electrons.

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What is an Ionic crystal lattice

:A three-dimensional crystal lattice formed when cations and anions combine as solids.

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What structure is formed when cations and anions combine as solids

An Ionic crystal lattice

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Ionic crystal lattice(n.)

-Ionic crystal lattice(n.)=symmetrical three-dimensional arrangement of ions.

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Coordination number(n.)

-Coordination number(n.)=The number of atoms molecules or ions bonded to a chemical species.

E.g.
:Each sodium ion is surrounded by 6 chloride ions and vice versa.
:For sodium chloride, the coordination number is 6.

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What are the four properties of ionic compounds

There are four properties of Ionic compounds:
1)Brittle
2)Hardness
3)High melting point
4)No electrical conductivity as a solid

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Brittle(n.)

-Brittle(n.)=The tendency of a material to fracture (break) when subjected to pressure

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Hardness(n.)

-Hardness(n.)=Resistance to deformation when subject to pressure

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High melting point(n.)

-High melting point(n.)=The temperature at which a substance changes its state from solid to liquid

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Electrical conductivity(n.)

-electrical conductivity(n.)=A measurement of how easily a material allows an electrical current to flow through it.

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Examples of ionic compounds

Sodium chloride = NaCl
Aluminium oxide = Al2O3
Magnesium oxide =MgO

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As solids, can ionic compounds conduct electricity?

Ions are unable to move, therefore electricity cannot flow through the substance.

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As liquids, can ionic compounds conduct electricity?

A current can flow through a molten ionic compound

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If ionic compounds are dissolved in water, can ionic compounds conduct electricity?

A current can flow through an ionic compound in a solution

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If ionic compounds are dissolved in any substance, can they conduct electricity?

A current can flow through an ionic compound in a solution

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What is electricity

Electricity is the flow of charge. This can be the flow of electrons, or in the case of ionic substances, the flow of ions.

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-Elemental ion(n.)

-Elemental ion(n.)=Atom that has lost or gained electrons to become a charged particle

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-Species(n.)

-Species(n.)=a type of atom, molecule or ion

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-Anion(n.)

-Anion(n.)=Negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains one or more valence electrons.

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-Cation(n.)

-Cation(n.)=Positively charged ion formed when one ore more electrons are lost.

Electrovalency(n.)

-Electrovalency(n.)=Valency of an ion after electron transfer.

What does an element having variable electrovalencies mean

That the element can form multiple ions with different charges.

What are elements that have variable electrovalencies

Transition metals(group 3-12) have variable electrovalencies except for Zn^+2, Ag^+

What is used to signify the charge of a transitional metal

Roman numerals are used with the name to signify the charge on the ion. E.g. Iron(II)

How do you name an ionic compound

Cations name stays the same, followed by the anion of the elements ending in ide. For example Iron(II) + Oxygen -> Iron(II) Oxide

What are polyatomic ions

-Polyatomic ion(n.)=Two or more non-metal atoms covalently bonded with an overall charge.

Ammonium ion chemical formula

NH4 ^+

Hydroxide ion chemical formula

OH ^-

Nitrate ion chemical formula

NO3 ^-

Hydrogen carbonate ion chemical formula

HCO3 ^-

Carbonate ion chemical formula

CO3 ^2-

Sulfate ion chemical formula

SO4 ^2-

Phosphate ion chemical formula

PO4 ^3-

When balancing ionic compound equations what must occur

The ionic compound created must have no overall charge

When naming iodic compounds what is the order, anion and then cation, or then cation then anion.

name cation first, followed by the anion

Precipitate(n.)

-Precipitate(n.)=Precipitate is an insoluble product that is made when substances in solutions are mixed

Can two ionic solutions swap their partners to form new ionic compounds

:Sometimes two ionic solutions will swap partners to form new ionic compounds :If an insoluble product is made, this is called precipitate

Precipitate(n.)

-Precipitate(n.)=A solid that forms when two ionic solutions are mixed

Qualitative(n.)

-Qualitative(n.)=A factor or variable that is non-numeric e.g. colour

Sometimes two ionic solutions will swap partners to form new ionic compounds, what are the characteristics of these two ionic solutions products.

-Both of these ionic solutions could produce to other ionic solutions -One of the ionic compounds can form a precipitate, which is a solid. The other ionic compound remains in solution

Full balanced equations(n.)

-Full balanced equation(n.)=Balanced equation showing all reactants and products in a reaction including non-reacting species

Steps for writing a full equation for precipitate reactions

1:Write the formula for the two ionic solutions 2:Swap partners to predict what the products would be in a precipitation reaction 3:Balance the equation

Solubility table(n.)

-Solubility table(n.)=A table showing which ionic compounds are likely to be soluble or insoluble in water at 25°C

States(n.)

-States(n.)=Physical form of species, solid(s), Liquid(l), gas(g) or aqueous(aq).

How can you identify if a precipitate will form

The solubility of the products of two ionic solutions can identify if a precipitate forms

What state are precipitates and aqueous ionic compounds denotated as in chemical equations

:The precipitate is assigned a (s) state. :The other ionic compound remains aqueous (aq)

Solubility tables mnemonics

PANES=ions highly soluble in water P=Potassium (K)^+ A=Ammonium (NH4)^+ N=Nitrate (NO3)^- E=Ethanoate (CH3COO)^- S=Sodium (Na)^+ CHOPS=ions not soluble in water C=Carbonate (CO3)^2- H=Hydroxide (OH)^- O=Oxide (O)^2- P=Phosphate (PO4)^3- S=Sulfide (S)^2-

Spectator ions(n.)=

Spectator ions(n.)=Ions that do not participate and do not change state in a chemical reaction

Ionic equation(n.)=

Ionic equation(n.)=Equation showing only the species that react. Contains one ore more ions.

Steps for writing an ionic equation

1.Write the formula for the two ionic substances 2.Swap the partners to predict what the products would be in a precipitation reaction 3.Identify the spectator ions 4.Exclude the spectator ions 5.Summarise the equation as balanced ionic equation including states.

Ionic equation of AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq)

Full balanced equation= AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) -> AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) Ionic equation=Ag^+ + Cl^- -> AgCl(s)

SNAPE- ALWAYS SOLUBLE

Sodium, Nitrate, Ammonia, Potassium, Ethanoate