ch 2- covalent substances

Question 1

tetrahedral shape

Answer 1

4 valence electrons and can form 4 single bonds. group 14

Question 2

pyramidal shape

Answer 2

5 valence electrons and forms 3 single bonds with other atoms. Group 15

Question 3

bent/v shape

Answer 3

6 valence electrons forming 2 single bonds. group 16

Question 4

linear shape

Answer 4

7 valence electrons forming 1 bond. group 17

Question 5

bond pair

Answer 5

a pair of valence electrons shared between atoms in a covalent bond

Question 6

covalent bonding

Answer 6

bonding resulting from the sharing of electrons between non-metals

Question 7

diatomic molecules

Answer 7

covalently bonded pair of atoms of the same or different non metal element

Question 8

electrostatic attraction

Answer 8

attraction between opposite charges

Question 9

intramolecular bonds

Answer 9

bonding between atoms within a molecule

Question 10

lewis structure

Answer 10

representation of a molecule where valence electrons are shown as dots

Question 11

lone pair

Answer 11

electron pairs of valence electrons not shared with another atom in a covalent bond

Question 12

molecule

Answer 12

when two or more non metal atoms are covalently bonded together

Question 13

molecular formula

Answer 13

actual number of atoms in a molecule

Question 14

non polar covalent bond

Answer 14

covalent bond between two atoms of similar electronegativity

Question 15

permanent dipole

Answer 15

permanent area of partial positive or partial negative charge on a molecule

Question 16

polar covalent bond

Answer 16

covalent bond between atoms of differing electronegativities

Question 17

polar molecule

Answer 17

asymmetrical molecules with a partially positively charged end and a partially negative charged end

Question 18

polarity

Answer 18

property of having a partial positive and negative charge

Question 19

structural formula

Answer 19

shows all the atoms and bonds in a molecule or compound

Question 20

unpaired electron

Answer 20

electron in an orbital by itself

Question 21

valence shell electron pair repulsion theory VSEPR

Answer 21

model used to predict the different shapes of molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs

Question 22

boiling point

Answer 22

temperature at which a liquid transitions into a gas

Question 23

hydrogen bonding

Answer 23

a special type of permanent dipole-dipole attraction between
molecules (not a covalent bond) that results from the attractive force between
a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom such as an
N, O, or F atom

Question 24

instantaneous dipole

Answer 24

partial positive and negative charge that appears
in an atom/molecule due to the random movement of electrons

Question 25

intermolecular forces

Answer 25

forces that attract adjacent molecules to each other

Question 26

intramolecular bonds

Answer 26

the forces that hold atoms together within a molecule

Question 27

kinetic energy

Answer 27

the level of movement of a particle, molecule or molecular substance

Question 28

melting point

Answer 28

temperature at which a substance changes state from solid to liquid

Question 29

non conductivity

Answer 29

the inability of a molecule to conduct electricity

Question 30

molecular substance

Answer 30

substance with two or more non-metal atoms joined by covalent bonds

Question 31

permanent dipole dipole attraction

Answer 31

electrostatic force of attraction between the permanent dipoles of adjacent polar molecules

Question 32

temporary dipole dipole attraction/dispersion forces

Answer 32

electrostatic force of attraction between two instantaneous dipoles of adjacent molecules

Question 33

allotrope

Answer 33

one of the different physical forms an element can take due to different structural arrangements of atoms

Question 34

covalent layer lattice

Answer 34

atoms covalently bonded together in a two-dimensional arrangement to form layers, held together by weak dispersion forces

Question 35

covalent network lattice

Answer 35

regular three-dimensional arrangement of atoms covalently bonded together extending outwards

Question 36

lattice

Answer 36

a series of atoms arranged in a regular pattern

Question 37

macromoleculedescribes an atom with four electrons in its valence shell

Answer 37

molecule containing a very large number of atoms such as a giant atomic covalent lattice of diamond or graphite

Question 38

tetravalent

Answer 38

describes an atom with four electrons in its valence shell