Ch. 4: Our Constitutional Republic Flashcards
The ?, on the other hand, emphasized the relationship between the king and the colonies. For the early colonists, the was the most familiar constitution
charters
The next step was for the states to ratify these provisions for central government, known as the ?
Articles of Confederation
the central government is subordinate to state governments and has only the powers which they grant it
confederacy
the Articles of Confederation provided for only one ? of government
branch
The ? provided for the surveying of western lands in the Northwest Territory
Land Ordinance of 1785
The ? provided a plan of government for the territory.
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
was limited to Massachusetts, but it put the fear of anarchy into the hearts of many Americans
Shays’ Rebellion
the forerunner of the written constitution in America
Mayflower Compact
The ? met with such success that Virginia invited all the states to send representatives to a convention the next year at Annapolis, Maryland, to discuss common problems of commerce and navigation.
Mount Vernon Conference
The ? in 1786 proved to be disappointing
Annapolis Convention
Although the convention in Philadelphia was called for the purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation, we remember it as the ?.
Constitutional Convention
The ? who at one time or another attended the deliberations were among America’s best and ablest men.
fifty-five delegates
the two most famous Americans to attend the constitutional convention
George Washington and Benjamin Franklin
? of Virginia, then only thirty-six, is generally agreed to have been the single most important member of the Convention and is often referred to as the “Father of the Constitution.”
James Madison
Two other notables were ?
Alexander Hamilton and Gouverneur Morris
The average age of the delegates was forty-two. ?, the youngest, was only twenty-six.
Jonathan Dayton
Madison’s political thought may be summed up in three words: ?
constitutionalism, republicanism, and federalism.
The meeting in Philadelphia had been scheduled to begin on May 14, ?
1787
When the delegates gathered in the Pennsylvania State House (known today as ?), where the Declaration of Independence had been signed, they immediately chose George Washington to preside as the chairman or “president” of the Convention.
Independence Hall
As the Convention opened, most of the delegates were agreed that what was needed was a ?, with areas of authority divided between the states and the national government.
federal system
Most also agreed that a ? was essential, with officials chosen to represent the people and the states.
republican system
Virginia’s thirty-three- year-old governor, Edmund Randolph, proposed James Madison’s ? which called for a bicameral (two-house) legislature.
Virginia Plan
On June 15, 1787, William Paterson of New Jersey presented the ? which called for a unicameral (one-house) legislature, with all states having equal representation
New Jersey Plan
After much debate, the Convention accepted a compromise in mid-July, often called the ? or the Connecticut Compromise because of the role of Connecticut delegate Roger Sherman in proposing it.
Great Compromise
Upper house
Senate
Lower house
House of Representatives
The fears of the South were alleviated by the ?
Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise.
Those who favored the new Constitution called themselves ?; those who opposed its adoption were labeled the ?.
Federalists, Anti-Federalists
Later, these essays were collectively published as the ?
Federalist
Congress chose ? as the temporary capital of the new government and asked the states to begin making plans for presidential and Congressional elections, which were to be held early in 1789.
New York City
The main purposes for which the U.S. government was established are stated in the ? (introduction) to the Constitution
Preamble
6 purposes for the Constitution
Form a more perfect union, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, promote general welfare, and To secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity
a division of the power of government between the national (also called central or federal) government and the state governments.
federalism
Those powers that have been given to the national government by the Constitution
delegated powers.
Powers not given to the national government by the Constitution or
prohibited by the Constitution are reserved for the states or for the people.
reserved powers
political power is separated among three political institutions.
separation of powers
The idea for the separation of powers comes from the Frenchman ?
Charles de Montesquieu
3 branches of central government
the legislative branch, which makes the laws,(2) the executive branch, which carries out, or executes the laws, and(3) the judicial branch, which interprets the laws according to the Constitution
Montesquieu also advocated a system of ? in order to minimize the chance of tyranny from any one branch of government.
checks and balances
(Constitution)Articles ? of the Constitution describe the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, respectively, and how the members of the three branches of the federal government are chosen, how long they shall serve, and what qualifications they must have for office
I, II, and III
(Constitution) Article ? of the Constitution outlines the federal relationship among the states and between the national government and the states.
IV
Article ? provides for making amendments (changes in the Constitution). There
are two steps in the amending of the constitution: proposal and ratification
V
Article ? establishes that the Constitution is the supreme law of the land, to which all judges and federal and state officers are bound.
VI
Article ?, sets forth the manner in which the Constitution was to be ratified
VII
over ? amendments have been introduced into Congress, but only seventeen have been adopted since the passage of the Bill of Rights in 1791
10,000
