Ch. 3: The Shaping Of The American Republic

Question 1

The importance of the Bible to the Saxons was evident as early as the reign of the Saxon king ? (848–899), who prefaced his edition of the English law code with the Ten Commandments

Answer 1

Alfred the Great

Question 2

“Father of the Common Law.”

Answer 2

Henry de Bracton

Question 3

In Bracton’s reasoning, we see the principle of the ? in triumph over the rule of man

Answer 3

rule of law

Question 4

The second important commentator on English common law was ?. He wrote the Institutes of the Common Law

Answer 4

Sir Edward Coke

Question 5

The third important commentator on the English common law was ?

Answer 5

Sir William Blackstone.

Question 6

strengthened the common law in England when he created a system of royal courts to administer the law.

Answer 6

King Henry II

Question 7

a man is judged guilty or not guilty by a group of his peers

Answer 7

trial by jury

Question 8

where a man’s innocence was determined by his surviving some dangerous ritual

Answer 8

trial by ordeal

Question 9

where a man fought his accuser in order to determine guilt or innocence

Answer 9

trial by combat

Question 10

a council of wise men (nobility and clergy

Answer 10

Witan

Question 11

By 1265, meetings of the Great Council were also being referred to as ?, from the French verb parler, which means “to speak.

Answer 11

Parliament

Question 12

In that year, the English nobleman, ?, gained temporary control of the English government and called representatives of the shires (counties) and towns to sit together with the nobles and the clergymen of the Great Council

Answer 12

Simon de Montfort

Question 13

a non-codified form of law based on long-accepted customs and traditions.

Answer 13

Common law

Question 14

further developed representative government when he convened the ? in 1295, a modern form of Parliament consisting of elected representatives from each shire and town along with the nobility and the clergy of the Great Council

Answer 14

Edward I, Model Parliament

Question 15

Parliament gradually divided into two houses: the ?, the upper house made up of the nobility and clergy, and the ?, the lower house made

Answer 15

House of Lords, House of Commons

Question 16

When the hated ? tried to curtail the freedoms of the English people, the barons (nobles), in an effort to restore English law and custom, compelled John to submit to the ?, or Great Charter, on June 15, 1215.

Answer 16

King John, Magna Carta

Question 17

When Charles I tried to ignore some of the freedoms that Englishmen had secured under the Magna Carta, the House of Commons forced him to assent in 1628 to the ?, which reaffirmed certain English liberties.

Answer 17

Petition of Right

Question 18

The English monarchs’ power was strictly limited by the ?

Answer 18

English Bill of Rights of 1689

Question 19

By 1752, eight of the colonies were ?, meaning that the colony was a part of the king’s domain and was directly under his control

Answer 19

royal

Question 20

a document issued by the crown which established the relationship between the king and his subjects

Answer 20

charter

Question 21

At Massachusetts Bay, the leaders of the colony drew up the ? in 1641.

Answer 21

Massachusetts Body of Liberties

Question 22

a law above the law, universal principles of right and justice.

Answer 22

higher law

Question 23

In New England, where farms were small and people lived close together, ? government was the main unit of local government

Answer 23

town

Question 24

Through the ?, local citizens assembled periodically to become the chief lawmaking body for their town.

Answer 24

town meeting system

Question 25

In the southern colonies, the local unit of government was the ?

Answer 25

county

Question 26

the spiritual revival which swept the American colonies between 1730 and 1760.

Answer 26

Great Awakening

Question 27

Through men like ? of New England and English evangelist ?, God brought revival to the American colonies, resulting in the conver-sion of thousands of souls

Answer 27

Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield

Question 28

the first significant attempt at political unity among the colonies

Answer 28

the New England Confederation

Question 29

At the conference, Benjamin Franklin proposed a plan for uniting the colonies, called the ?

Answer 29

Albany Plan

Question 30

The accession of ? in 1760 brought a great change in political affairs both in England and in the colonies

Answer 30

George III

Question 31

In spirit, the English Parliamentarians ? were the allies of Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and George Washington

Answer 31

William Pitt and Edmund Burke

Question 32

At this ?, the delegates concluded that, according to their charters, they were only under the authority of the king

Answer 32

Stamp Act Congress

Question 33

In October 1765, the Stamp Act Congress issued a ? protesting the stamp tax and other British regulations which the colonists felt were illegal

Answer 33

Declaration of Rights and Grievances

Question 34

The “?,” as they were called by the colonists, were seen as a threat to colonial liberty

Answer 34

Intolerable Acts

Question 35

This ? pledged the loyalty of the colonists to the Crown but protested Parliamentary interference with American rights

Answer 35

First Continental Congress

Question 36

All thirteen colonies were represented in the ?, which convened in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775.

Answer 36

Second Continental Congress

Question 37

, not only cut off all trade between the colonies and England but also officially removed the colonies from the “King’s Protection.

Answer 37

Prohibitory Act

Question 38

On June 7, 1776, ? of Virginia presented to the Second Continental Congress a resolution for independence

Answer 38

Richard Henry Lee

Question 39

, the chairman of the committee, was primarily responsible for the drafting of the document

Answer 39

Thomas Jefferson

Question 40

On July 4, 1776, in Philadelphia, the ? was unanimously adopted by the Continental Congress

Answer 40

Declaration of Independence