Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Joe's Test Class > Ch 4 - MSK: Upper Extremity Fractures > Flashcards

Ch 4 - MSK: Upper Extremity Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the MOI of scapular fractures.

A

Direct blow to the shoulder usually after a significant, high-velocity trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are fracture sites of the scapula?

A 
Glenoid
Glenoid rim
Coracoid
Scapular neck and body
Acromion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What imaging can be used to diagnosed a scapular fracture?

A
  • Plain films: AP, lateral scapular-Y, and axillary views

* CT scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is treatment for nondisplaced scapular fractures?

A

Closed treatment
Arm sling
Early ROM as tolerated w/in 1-2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is treatment for large displaced scapular fractures?

A

ORIF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why should patients with isolated scapular body fractures be hosptialized?

A

Risk of pulmonary contusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the classification of clavicular fractures?

A

Medial
Middle (MC)
Distal 1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What imaging should be used for clavicular fractures?

A

AP plain films of the clavicle, AC and SC joints

CXR to evaluate for superimposed pneumothorax complication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe treatment for clavicular fractures.

A

– Closed reduction and immobilization with a simple sling or figure-8 sling
– Immobilization 3 to 6 weeks
– Progressive range after 3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are indications for surgery for clavicular fractures?

A

– Open clavicle fx
– Grossly displaced fx w/ skin tenting
– Fx w/ significant medialization of shoulder girdle
– Displaced lateral clavicle fx (>1 cm) at the AC joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the parts of the Four-Part Classification of humerus fractures.

A

– Greater tuberosity
– Lesser tuberosity
– Humeral head
– Humeral shaft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When is a humeral fracture considered displaced?

A

One of the 4 parts must be angulated by 45° or displaced at least 1 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe a One-part humeral fracture.

A

Nondisplaced, impacted fractures

All parts still in alignment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe a Two-part humeral fracture.

A

One fragment is displaced with respect to the other three

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe a Three-part humeral fracture.

A

Two fragments are displaced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe a Four-part humeral fracture.

A

All fragments are displaced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the most common site for humeral fracture?

A

Surgical neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Who does humeral fracture typically occur in?

A

Elderly women with osteoporosis after a fall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can the supraspinatus cause in surgical neck humerus fractures?

A

Abduction of the proximal fragment of the humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When is surgery indicated in humerus fractures?

A

Greater than one part (displaced greater than 2 cm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the most common brachial plexus injury with humerus fracture?

A

Axillary nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When can AVN of the humeral head occur after humerus fracture?

A

Anatomic neck fractures 2/2 interruption of the humeral circumflex artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Little leaguer’s shoulder?

A

Stress fracture in humerus through proximal growth plate in skeletally immature athletes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Little leaguer’s shoulder?

A
  • Insidious onset of pain aggravated by hand throwing
  • Focal tenderness over fx
  • Pain w/ resisted ABD and IR
  • Mild weakness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is seen on x-ray in chronic Little leaguer's shoulder?
Cortical thickening along the mid-third of the medial cortex
26
What is seen in adolescents on x-ray in Little leaguer's shoulder?
Widening of the lateral part of the physis w/ sclerosis or cystic changes on ER AP films
27
When do symptoms resolve in Little leaguer's shoulder?
Activity restriction of 8 weeks in adults and 12 weeks in adolescents
28
What can continued activity with Little Leaguer's shoulder cause?
Spiral fracture of the humerus or premature closure of the physis
29
What are causes of humeral shaft fracture?
Direct trauma | FOOSH
30
What nerve can be inured with humeral shaft fracture?
Radial nerve
31
What is the treatment of humeral shaft fracture?
Splint for 2 weeks
32
When do radial nerve injures typically recover?
95% in 6 months | EMG indicated if function does not return
33
What are the types of distal humerus fractures
Displaced | Nondisplaced
34
What do displaced distal humerus fractures involved?
One or both condyles | Joint surface may or may not be involved
35
What is the treatement of distal humerus fractures?
Nondisplaced: splinting and early ROM Displaced: open reduction
36
Describe the classification of radial head fractures.
* Type I: Nondisplaced * Type II: Marginal radial head fx, min displacement * Type III: Comminuted fx
37
What is the treatment for a type I radial head fracture?
Short period of immobilization (3–5 days) followed by early ROM
38
When is surgery indicated for a type II radial head fracture?
Surgical fixation for fx > 2-mm displacement or 30% radial head involvement
39
What is the treatment for a type III radial head fracture?
Surgical fixation
40
What are causes of olecranon fracture?
Direct blow to elbow Fall on flexed elbow FOOSH w/ dislocation
41
What are the types of olecranon fractures?
* Nondisplaced | * Displaced
42
What are treatments for olecranon fractures?
* Nondisplaced: immobilization, PT | * Displaced: Surgical fixation
43
What is the MOI of a scaphoid fracture?
Fall or blow on a hyperextended (dorsiflexed) wrist
44
What area of scaphoid is prone to none-union?
Middle and proximal portion d/t lack of blood supply
45
What is the most common location of scaphoid fracture?
Waist 65%
46
What is a complication of scaphoid fracture?
Osteonecrosis, which may lead to carpal bone collapse (scapholunate) if not treated correctly
47
What is the clinical presentation of scaphoid fracture?
* Swelling and tenderness of thumb and anatomical snuff box * Pain with extension and radial deviation * TTP tuberosity of the scaphoid
48
What are the borders of the anatomical snuff box?
– Scaphoid bone – APL and EPB – EPL
49
What imaging should be done for scaphoid fractures?
* PA and oblique view of the wrist in ulnar deviation * CT scan * Bone scan (+) 24 hrs
50
What is the treatment for Nondisplaced scaphoid fractures <2 mm?
– Long thumb spica cast for 6 wks wrist in neutral – At 6 weeks, change to a short thumb spica cast if the plain films show proper healing – If poor healing at 6 wks, surgical stabilization may be indicated
51
Management of displaced scaphoid fractures >2 mm?
Referral to orthopedics
52
How long do scaphoid fractures take to heal?
– Distal: 8 wks – Middle: 3 mo – Proximal: 4 mo
53
What can cause hamate body fractures?
Direct trauma
54
What can cause hook of hamate fractures?
End swing while holding a racquet, bat, or club
55
What imaging is needed for hamate fractures?
* X-rays: PA, lateral, carpal tunnel, and 45° supinated oblique views * CT: fx at the base of the hook
56
What is treatment for hamate fractures?
* Nondisplaced body fx: 4 to 6 weeks short arm cast * Displaced body fx: Surgical referral * Acute hook fx: 50% heal after casting 6 wks to 4 mo
57
What causes trapezium fractures?
* Base of the thumb metacarpal is forced by axial load into the trapezium * Avulsion fracture
58
What images are needed for trapezium fractures?
X-rays: PA, lateral, oblique, carpal tunnel, and Bett’s views
59
Describe a Bett's view.
Thumb ext and abducted Wrist slightly pronated | Beam centered on the scaphotrapeziotrapezium area
60
What is the most common type of distal radius fracture?
Colles fracture
61
What is a Colles fracture?
Fracture of the distal radius with dorsal displacement and angulation
62
What is a Colles fracture associated with?
TFCC tears | Scapholunate dissociation
63
What is a Smith's fracture?
Fracture of the distal radius with volar displacement and angulation
64
What is a Bennett's fracture?
Oblique fracture-subluxation at the base of the thumb metacarpal
65
What is a Rolando's fracture?
Fracture at the base of the thumb metacarpal that may be classified as a T, Y, or comminuted configuration
66
What is a boxer's fracture?
Fracture of the metacarpal neck/shaft usually seen after a person strikes a wall or another person
67
What is the most commonly involved digit in boxer's fracture?
5th digit

Joe's Test Class (91 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions