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Hearing Sciences > Ch 4 (MIDTERM) > Flashcards

Ch 4 (MIDTERM) Flashcards

1
Q

Basic Trig

A

SohCahToa

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2
Q

Starting phase

A

What phrase the object starts to vibrate
0,90,180,270,360

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3
Q

Instantaneous phase

A

Point in displacement cycle at time of measurement

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4
Q

Amplitude

A

Displacement of particles

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5
Q

Instantaneous amplitude

A

Amplitude at a specific moment in time

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6
Q

Peak amplitude

A

Max amplitude

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7
Q

Peak-to-peak amplitude

A

Compression to rarefaction, peak to trough

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8
Q

Complex tones

A

Multiple frequencies
Most common in speech

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9
Q

Pure tones

A

Only made up of one frequency

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10
Q

Periodic

A

Takes same amount of time for each cycle
When there is only one frequency, or the frequency make-up are harmonics of the fundamental frequency

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11
Q

Aperiodic

A

Takes different amounts of time for each cycle
When there is no pattern to the frequencies in the sound, usually made up of ALL frequencies within a certain range

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12
Q

Waveform

A

X=time, Y=amplitude
Looks like a wave

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13
Q

Spectrum

A

Shows frequency content
Frequency makeup of complex sounds
x-axis is frequency, y-axis is amplitude or phase

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14
Q

Line spectrum

A

A single line, usually harmonics (periodic) tone

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15
Q

Continuous spectrum

A

Contains all frequencies within a range, usually complex aperiodic noise

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16
Q

Amplitude spectrum

A

X axis = frequency
Y axis = Amplitude
Shows amplitude of each frequency in sound

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17
Q

Phase Spectrum

A

X axis = frequency
Y axis = phase
Shows the phase at which each frequency starts

18
Q

Spectogram

A

3D representation of time domain, frequency Y-axis and shading shows intensity

19
Q

Sine waves/Simple harmonic motion

A

Periodic in nature
single frequency
looks like a sine wave
one line in amp spectrum
on dot in phase spectrum

20
Q

Summing pure tones of the same Hz

A

Add sine waves by summing the amplitude of vibration at each point in time

If 2 of the sine waves of same frequency at same phase: vibration/amplitude amplified, constructive interference

If 2 of the sine waves of same frequency at different/opposite phase: vibration/amplitude deleted, Destructive interference

21
Q

Summing different pure tones

A

Creates COMPLEX sound

22
Q

Beats

A

When 2 pure tones of equal intensity and slightly different frequency combine, causes sensation of listening to a single tone pulsating

23
Q

Harmonics

A

Created when summing 2 or more specific pure tones that are whole number multiples of the fundamental frequency

Harmonics: whole number multiples of the lowest tone (fundamental frequency which is not always the lowest number in a sequence)

usually, when harmonics of a fundamental frequency are in a sound, it creates a complex PERIODIC sound since it has structure to the frequency make up

24
Q

Octave scale

A

Doubling frequency is equal to 1 octave

25
Q

Distortion

A

Change in a sound due to inaccurate production/transmission/reproduction

26
Q

Fourier’s Theorem

A

Any wave can be broken down into component parts
Spectral analysis to analyze different frequency components

27
Q

Complex periodic waveforms

A

Either looks like a square, triangle, or saw-tooth (symmetrical)
Has multiple lines in amplitude spectrum (of harmonics)
has multiple dots in phase spectrum (of the same phase)

28
Q

Three types of complex periodic waveforms:

A

Square wave
Triangular wave
Saw-tooth wave

29
Q

Square wave

A

-6dB/octave
Harmonics are ODD

30
Q

Triangular wave

A

-12dB/octave
Harmonics are ODD

31
Q

Saw-tooth wave

A

-6dB/octave
Harmonics are EVEN or ODD

32
Q

Complex Aperiodic

A

Waveform is chaotic
One continuous line in amplitude spectrum
Multiple random dots in phase spectrum

33
Q

Noise

A

Sound made up of ALL types of frequencies in a range

APERIODIC (no consistency in frequency makeup) and Complex (more than 1 frequency)

34
Q

White noise (guaissian)

A

Continuous spectrum
contains ALL possible frequencies of same average intensity

35
Q

Broad band noise

A

Contains ALL frequencies within a broad range

36
Q

Narrow band noise

A

Contains all frequencies within a narrow limit
Usually a specific frequency
used to cover up frequency that crosses over from insert phone during audiogram

37
Q

Pink noise

A

Less higher energy frequency, has a -3dB/octave slope

38
Q

Click

A

Transient signal
Very short duration like the clicking of a pen
used in ABR

39
Q

ABR (Auditory Brainstem Response)

A

Using surface electrodes to measure brain response to sounds
Often not diagnostic, for screening purposes

40
Q

Specificity

A

Ruling out those who do not need further attention. If specificity is low, there are many false positives

41
Q

Sensitivity

A

Identifying who does need help
If sensitivity is low, there are many false negatives

42
Q
A

Hearing Sciences (5 decks)

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