Ch. 4 Consciousness Flashcards
What is the general method of inducing meditation?
Narrowing attention to a single object, word, or thought or performing a repetitive ritual.
What is the general method of inducing hypnosis?
Narrowing attention to the hypnotist’s voice or repetitive stimulus.
What are some of the goals of mediation?
Relax body and mind
Combat stress
Cope with pain
Reach inner peace
What is meditation?
1) A discipline by which one attempts to get beyond the conditioned, “thinking” mind into a deeper state of relaxation or awareness.
2) A continuous and profound contemplation or musing on a subject of a deep nature.
3) The art of relaxing your body and mind to relieve stress and feel calm and at peace.
What is hypnosis?
A voluntarily altered state of consciousness that is characterized by a marked increase in suggestibility, focused attention, exaggerated use of imagination, inability or unwillingness to act independently, and acceptance of reality distortion.
What are the four basic requirements for hypnosis?
1) Comfortable setting with minimum distractions
2) Concentration on something specific
3) Understood expectations
4) Hypnotist suggests certain observable or reasonable events or feelings.
What are some theories of hypnosis?
1) Trance state theory (special state of consciousness)
2) Role-playing model (under the social influence of the hypnotist)
3) Neo-dissociation theory (split consciousness, one under the influence of the hypnotist, and the other monitoring or observing)
Definition of dependence (on a drug)
The state in which the use of a drug is required to maintain functions - either psychological or physiological.
Definition of tolerance (of a drug)
A condition in which more of a drug is needed to produce the same effect as when first taking it.
Definition of withdrawal (from a drug)
A negative physical or psychological reaction that occurs when one stops taking a drug.
Definition of addiction (to a drug)
Extreme physical or psychological dependence on a drug with tolerance of and withdrawal from usually present.
What is the definition of psychology, according to Wilhelm Wundt and William James?
The science of consciousness or mental activity.
Waking consciousness varies during the course of a day from _______ _________ to _______ _____________ to ________ _____________.
Focused awareness
Divided consciousness
Drifting consciousness
The ___________ of consciousness allows us to direct our attention to meaningful stimuli, events, or experience while filtering out other stimuli.
Selectivity
States of drifting consciousness are associated with mental meanderings called _________.
Daydreams
