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Kaplan General Chemistry > Ch. 4: Compounds and Stoichiometry > Flashcards

Ch. 4: Compounds and Stoichiometry Flashcards

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1
Q

molecular weight

A

the sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in a molecule in atomic mass units (amu)

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2
Q

formulate weight

A

the sum of the atomic weights of the constituent ions in an ionic compound in atomic mass units (amu)

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3
Q

mole

A

quantity of any substance equal to the number of particles equal to Avogadro’s Number (6.023 E 23 mol^-1)

like a dozen eggs

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4
Q

molar mass

A

the mass of one mole of a compound, expressed in g/mol

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5
Q

formula for determining the number of moles of a sample substance is…

A

Moles = mass of sample (g) / molar mass (g/mol)

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6
Q

one mole of any compound has a mass in grams equal to what

A

the molecular or formula weight in amu

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7
Q

concept of equivalents

A

How many moles of the thing we’re interested in will one mole of a given compound produce

= mass of compound (g)/gram equivalent weight(g)

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8
Q

gram equivalent weight definition

A

the mass of a compound that provides one mole of the compound of interest

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9
Q

gram equivalent weight formula

A

gram equivalent weight = Molar mass/n

where n is the number of particles of interest produced/consumed per molecule of the compound in the reaction

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10
Q

Normality (N)

A

a measure of concentration

equivalents/L

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11
Q

Molarity (M)

A

Normality/n

where n is the protons/electrons/ions produced/consumed by the solute

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12
Q

Empirical Formula

A

simplest whole-number ratio of the elements in the compound

Peroxide (H2O2) - HO
Water (H2O) - H2O

does not exist for ionic compounds

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13
Q

Molecular Formula

A

exact number of atoms of each element in the compound

ex: H2O, C6H12O6, H2O2

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14
Q

Percent Composition formula

A

mass of element in compound/molar mass of the compound x100%

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15
Q

combination reactions description

A

A + B –> C

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16
Q

decomposition reactions description

A

A –> B+C

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17
Q

combustion reactions description

A

oxidation of a fuel (usually hydrocarbon fuel being oxidized by O2 or similar)

CH4 + 2O2 –> CO2 + 2H2O

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18
Q

single-displacement reaction description

A

atom or ion in a compound replaced by atom/ion of another element

A + BC –> AB + C

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19
Q

double-displacement reactions

A

elements from two different compounds swap places to form two new compounds

also called metathesis reactions

AB + CD –> AD + BC

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20
Q

neutralization reactions

A

specific type of double-displacement reaction; acid reacts with a base to produce a salt (and usually water)

HCl + NaOH –> NaCl = H2O

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21
Q

limiting reagent

A

the reactant that will be used up or consumed first in a reaction

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22
Q

excess reagent

A

the reactant that will remain after all of the limiting reagent is used up

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23
Q

Two principles that govern determination of limiting reactant

A
  1. All comparisons must be done in moles

2. Must consider absolute mole quantity AND rate at which mole quantity is consumed

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24
Q

theoretical yield

A

maximum amount of product that can be generated as predicted from the balanced reaction

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25
Q

actual yield

A

the amount of product actually obtained when a reaction is run

26
Q

percent yield formula

A

actual yield/theoretical yield x100%

27
Q

Iron (II)

A

Fe 2+

28
Q

Iron (III)

A

Fe 3+

29
Q

Copper (I)

A

Cu+

30
Q

Copper (II)

A

Cu 2+

31
Q

Ferrous

A

Fe 2+

32
Q

Ferric

A

Fe 3+

33
Q

Cuprous

A

Cu+

34
Q

Cupric

A

Cu 2+

35
Q

Hydride

A

H-

36
Q

Fluoride

A

F-

37
Q

Oxide

A

O 2-

38
Q

Sulfide

A

S 2-

39
Q

Nitride

A

N 3-

40
Q

Phosphide

A

P 3-

41
Q

oxyanion

A

polyatomic anion containing oxygen

42
Q

NO2 -

A

Nitrite

43
Q

NO3 -

A

Nitrate

44
Q

SO3 2-

A

Sulfite

45
Q

SO4 2-

A

Sulfate

46
Q

ClO -

A

Hypochlorite

47
Q

ClO2 -

A

Chlorite

48
Q

ClO3 -

A

Chlorate

49
Q

ClO4 -

A

Perchlorate

50
Q

Hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate

A

HCO3 -

51
Q

Hydrogen sulfate or bisulfate

A

HSO4 -

52
Q

Dihydrogen phosphate

A

H2PO4 -

53
Q

Ammonium

A

NH4 +

54
Q

Acetate

A

C2H3O2 -

55
Q

Cyanide

A

CN -

56
Q

Permanganate

A

MnO4 -

57
Q

Thiocyanate

A

SCN-

58
Q

Chromate

A

CrO4 2-

59
Q

Dichromate

A

Cr2O7 2-

60
Q

Borate

A

BO3 3-

61
Q

electrolytes

A

solutes that enable solutions to carry currents d/t ion-dipole interactions between ionic compounds and water molecules in solution

Kaplan General Chemistry (9 decks)

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