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Kaplan General Chemistry > Ch. 11: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions > Flashcards

Ch. 11: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the definition of a redox reaction

A

transfer of electrons from one chemical species to another

simultaneous loss and gain of electrons

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2
Q

what does OIL RIG stand for

A

oxidation is losing (electrons), reduction is gaining (electrons)

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3
Q

what is an oxidizing agent

A

molecule that gains electrons

LEORA SAYS GEROA

(losing electrons is oxidizing, reducing agent.
gaining electrons is reducing, oxidation agent)

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4
Q

what is a reducing agent

A

molecule that loses electrons

(losing electrons is oxidizing, reducing agent.
gaining electrons is reducing, oxidation agent)

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5
Q

what do oxidation numbers represent

A

how many electrons are gained or lost by an atom

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6
Q

what is the oxidation number of a free element

A

zero

ex: N2, P4, S8

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7
Q

what is the oxidation number of a monatomic ion

A

oxidation = charge of ion

ex: Na+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Cl-, N3-

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8
Q

what is the oxidation number of Group IA elements in compounds

A

+1

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9
Q

what is the oxidation number of Group IIA elements in compounds

A

2+

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10
Q

what is the oxidation number of Group VIIA elements in compounds

A

1-
except when combined w/ element of higher electronegativity

ex: in HCl, Cl = -1 … in HOCl, Cl = +1

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11
Q

what is the oxidation number of hydrogen

A

usually 1+ (HCl)

-1 when with less electronegative elements (NaH)

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12
Q

what is the oxidation number of oxygen

A

usually -2

except for peroxides … each oxygen is -1
and electronegative elements (like OF2) … oxygen is +2

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13
Q

what is the sum of oxidation numbers in a neutral compound

A

ZERO!!!

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14
Q

what is the sum of oxidation numbers in a polyatomic ion

A

equal to the charge on the ion

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15
Q

what is the oxidation number of a transition metal

A

many possibilities!

determine group I, group II, hydrogen, oxygen first

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16
Q

how is a complete ionic equation written

A

species are split into all the ions present

17
Q

what are spectator ions

A

species that is present on both sides of the equation in the same form, chemically inert, not taking part in rxn and remains unchanged

18
Q

how is a net ionic equation written

A

only the species that actually participate in the reaction (no spectator ions)

aqueous compounds written as constituent ions, solids remain together

19
Q

what occurs in disproportionation reactions

A

an element undergoes both oxidation and reduction

20
Q

how are biochemical disproportionation reactions accomplished

A

typically by enzymes

Kaplan General Chemistry (9 decks)

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