ch 4: business and the constitution Flashcards

1
Q

No congress or state can make a law that conflicts w the constitution
(t or f)

A

True

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2
Q

before the consitution what was in place

A

the confederal form of govt in which the states had the authority to govern themselves and the national govt had limited powers

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3
Q

federal form of govt.

A

form of govt in which the national and state govt share sovereign power

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4
Q

federal powers

A

powers that are specific to the national or fed govt in which they have implied powers to take actions to fulfill its powers.

all powers not given to the fed are reserved for the states

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5
Q

police powers

A

powers that states have due to their soverigny, this includes regulating private activities, protecting the public,fire and building codes, parking and zoning regulations and more statutes

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6
Q

Classy Cycles vs. Panama City Beach

A

Panama city put certain restrictions on scooter bikes such as them not being allowed to be rent overnight or at a future date in which classy cycles appealed as even though the city has power to regulate activities that impact the city, they are allowed only to do so as long as such regulations are not arbitrary or unreasonable in which the cities case was unreasonable. CC won.

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7
Q

privilege and immunites clause

A

requires states to not discriminate against other citizens. A resident of one state, when in another state, cannot be denied the privileges and immunities of that state.

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8
Q

full faith and credit clause

A

ensures that rights established under deeds, wills, contracts, and similar things state will be honored by other states and that judicial decisions will be honored/ enforced in all states

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9
Q

separation of powers

A

powers divided btw 3 brances

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10
Q

3 branches of power

A

legislative-makes the laws
executive-enforces the law
judicial-interprets the law

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11
Q

checks and balances

A

allows each branch to limit the actions of the other two branches to prevent one branch from exercising too much powers

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12
Q

commerce clause

A

clause in cont. giving the congress the power to regulate interstate commerce (btw diff states) but not intrastate commerce (one state)

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13
Q

Gibbons V Odgen

A

2 ppl had a NY monopoly on steam-powered boats and licensed Aaron Ogden to run ferry boats btw NY and NJ. Gibbons, with fed permission, also ran a ferry service but was sued by Ogden because he didn’t have NYs approval.

Decision: ruled that “commerce” includes all business activities affecting more than one state. He determined that the federal government has the exclusive power to regulate interstate commerce, ruling in favor of Gibbons.

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14
Q

Heart of atlanta motel v united states

A

Background: before, segregation violated the constitution however after the civil rights act of 1964, segregation and discrimination was prohibited in establishments that affected interstate commerce

Case: A guy owned a hotel and refused to rent the rooms to african americans in which broke the civil rights act of 1964 however he argued that his motel was not engaged in interstate commerce however the motel was accessible to state and interstate highways, was advertised nationally, and accepted convention trade from outside the state (75 percent of the guests were residents of other states).

Rule: The federal district court upheld the Civil Rights Act, ruling that it was constitutional and ordered the motel to stop racial discrimination and the owner appealing bringing this case to the supreme court

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15
Q

Spotlight case example (marajuana)

A

Despite state laws allowing medical/ recreational marijuana use, it remains illegal under the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA). The case in which federal authorities seized marijuana from 2 ill women using it for medical purposes legally , the Supreme Court ruled that Congress can still prohibit marijuana possession and cultivation under federal law, even in states where it is legal.

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16
Q

Case example 4.2 (tennessee total wine case)

A

Tennessee’s needed 2-year residency for bus.to obtain a liquor license, preventing Total Wine from opening a store in Nashville. officials argued that this was justified by the Twenty-first Amendment, which allows states to regulate alcohol. However, the Supreme Court ruled that the law was mainly intended to protect local businesses from out-of-state competition and lacked a genuine connection to health or safety concerns. Therefore, it violated the dormant commerce clause.

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17
Q

supremecy clause

A

Clause that the constitution, laws, and treaties of the united states are the “supreme law of the land”

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18
Q

preemtion

A

When federal laws preempt or (override) conflicting state/local laws

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19
Q

concurrent laws

A

powers-shared by federal and state govt

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20
Q

what is the bill of rights

A

the 10 amendments in the cont.

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21
Q

1st amend

A

freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition

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22
Q

2nd amend

A

guarantees the right the right to bear arms

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23
Q

3rd amend

A

prohibits, in peacetime, the lodging of soldiers in any house without owner consent

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24
Q

4th

A

prohibits unreasonable searches for seizures of persons and property

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25
Q

5th

A

guarantees the rights to indictment by a grand jury, due process of law, and to fair payment when private property is taken for private use. Also prohibits compulsory self-incrimination and double jeopardy

26
Q

6th

A

gauarantees the accused in a criminal case to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury and with counsel. Accused defendants have the right to cross-examine witnesses against them and to solicit testimony from witnesses in their favor.

27
Q

7th

A

guarantees the right to a trial by jury in a civil (noncriminal) case involving at least twenty dollars

28
Q

8th

A

prohibits excessive bail and fines, as well as cruel and unusual punishment.

29
Q

9th

A

establishes that the people have rights in addition to those specified in the Constitution

30
Q

10th

A

powers neither delegated to the federal government nor denied to the states are reserved for the states

31
Q

14th amendment

A

passed after the civil war in whcih no state shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law

32
Q

who is the interpreter of the cont. giving meaning to cont rights and boundries

A

supreme court

33
Q

symbolic speech

A

nonverbal expressions of beleifs (gestures, movements, clothing) that is given protection by the courts

34
Q

restrictions on freedom of speech

A

expressions are subject to restricts as its the govt job to protect citizens while also giving them the right to exercise

35
Q

content neutral laws

A

Laws that are rules about the time, manner, and place but not the content of speech said.
(more accepted as it doesnt limit what message ur trying to convey just when and where)

36
Q

laws that do restrict the content of speech

A

they must have a rlly important reason as to why they are restricted and written to adress only that reason.

37
Q

constitutionality test

A

states that the govt needs a strong reason to pass a law that limits basic rights such as free speech

38
Q

corporate political speech

A

Political speech from corporations also now falls within the protection of the first amendment bc before it was restricted which violated the right of corporations to freedom of speech

39
Q

Citizens united v Federal Election Commision

A

the Supreme Court overturned a previous ruling on campaign financing. The case involved a nonprofit group, Citizens United, which produced a film of Hillary Clinton. Campaign-finance laws prevented them from releasing the film. The Court decided that these restrictions were unconstitutional, stating that the First Amendment protects corporations’ rights to make independent political expenditures.

40
Q

Commercial speech

A

Courts give protection to commercial speech, which consists of comm such as advertising and marketing mad ebay businesses that involve commercial interests

41
Q

Valid restricts on commercial speech

A

1-seeks to implement a substantial government interest- (ex protecting ppl)

2-directly advances that interest (it helps achieve their goal of protecting ppl)

3-goes no further than necessary to accomplish its objective. (not more restrictive than necessary)

42
Q

cafe erotica

A

Nude dancing business that wanted to put a nude person for their billboard however this commercial speech was not declared unconstitutional as the state has a good reason to preserve highway beautification

43
Q

unprotected speech

A

types of speech will not be given protection under the first amendment (speech that hard rep of another, speech that violates laws such as obscene or threatening speech)

44
Q

1st amend -freedom of religion

A

Govt cannot establish a religion nationwide or prohibit the exercise of religious practices (establishment clause and free exercise clause)

45
Q

establishment clause

A

prohibits the govt from establishing a state sponsored religion or from promoting one religioon over another

46
Q

applicable standard

A

Issues arise from the establishment clause such as the legality of allowing in-school prayers, vouchers to pay tuition at religious schools, or the reaching of certain theories

47
Q

free exercise clause

A

Clause- guarantees that people can hold any religious beliefs they want or no beliefs

applies to governments, not private employers, but employers may still need to accommodate religious beliefs.

48
Q

muslim guy case

A

A muslim guy in prison requested to grow his beard half and inch due to his beliefs however he was turned down due to safety procedures. The decision was that the deps. Policy violated his right to exercise his religious beliefs.The court found the policy substantially burdened Holt’s religious practice.

49
Q

what is due process

A

Guarantees that no person should be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process

50
Q

where can due process be found

A

5th and 14th amend

51
Q

2 parts of due process

A

-procedureal
-substansive

52
Q

procedural due process

A

requires that any govt decision to take life, liberty, or property must be made fairly.

Must be given a property notice and opportunity to be heard

Govt also must use fair procedures in determining whether indv will be subjected to burden or punishment

53
Q

substansive due process

A

Focuses on the content of the legislation instead of the fairness of procedures.

The legislation itself must be fair and reasonable.
Laws that limit fundamental rights (like free speech, privacy, and voting) must promote a compelling state interest

54
Q

case doyle from kansas

A

A nurse took a pic w placenta but then deleted but it ended up on FB, the director of the program expelled her without talking or anything. Doyle sues and wins bc it violated doyles due process rights bc they didn’t give her an opportunity to present her side

55
Q

equal protection clause

A

requires state governments to treat similarly situated individuals in a similar manner.

56
Q

the diff levels of scrutiny

A

-strict
-intermediate
-rational

57
Q

strict scrutiny

A

If a law prohibits/inhibits some persons from exercising a fundamental right,

classifications based on a suspect trait—such as race, national origin, or citizenship status

58
Q

Intermediate scrutiny

A

Applied to cases involving discrimination based on gender or legitimacy

59
Q

Rational basis test

A

In matters of economic /social welfare, a classification will be valid if there is any conceivable “rational basis” on which the classification might relate to a legitimate government interest.

60
Q

Privacy rights

A

In Olmstead v. United States (1928), Justice Brandeis argued for a right to privacy, but the majority disagreed.

In Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), the Supreme Court ruled that privacy rights are implied by the First, Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Ninth Amendments.