Ch. 4 Arthrokinematics Flashcards
Define range of motion
The degree of movement that occurs at a joint
What are the 2 types of range of motion?
active ROM
passive ROM
What is active ROM?
The ROM through which a person can voluntarily move a joint (without assistance) using the adjacent muscles
Movement the individual does on their own
What is passive ROM?
The ROM that can be achieved by an external source (e.g., examiner, device) without assistance from the person being tested
Person is not doing the movement, someone or something is doing a movement on them
What are normal anatomical factors affecting joint ROM?
Connective Tissue: Tendons, ligaments, fascia, joint capsules and skin
Muscle Bulk: Muscle size may affect ROM
Bony Structures: Bony prominences can stop movements at normal end points in the range
Body Fat: Can act as a wedge between lever arms
Joint Structure: structure of a joint will affect joint ROM (Ex: ball-and-socket joint verses hinge joint)
How is stressed placed on contractile tissues?
by contracting or stretching
What do contractile tissues include?
Muscle
Tendons
How is stressed placed on non-contractile tissues?
by stretching or pinching
What do non-contractile tissues include?
Joint Capsule
Ligaments
Cartilage
Fascia
Skin
Bursae
What does it mean if AROM and PROM are painful and limited in the same direction?
Lesion is in the non-contractile tissues
What does it mean if AROM and PROM are painful and limited in the opposite direction?
Lesion is in the contractile tissues
What does active range of motion stress?
the contractile and passive tissues of a joint
What does AROM evaluate?
Coordination of Movement
Muscle Strength
Joint ROM
Limitation in AROM may be due to what?
Restricted Joint Mobility
Muscle Weakness
Muscle Tightness
Pain
What does PROM evaluate?
Integrity of the Joint
Extensibility of the
- Joint Capsule
- Ligaments
- Muscles
- Soft tissue
Does AROM or PROM promote a greater amount of range and why?
PROM b/c of:
- Limitations in extensibility of contractile tissue related active movement
- The amount of movement that is under voluntary control (This difference between AROM and PROM helps to protect the integrity of the joint by allowing for the absorption of external forces)
What is the cause behind when AROM and PROM produce pain for the same joint action?
passive tissues
Observing an individual performing functional tasks can provide insight into what in terms of ROM?
Abilities
Limitations
What testing should be completed in order to properly evaluate the client
If deficiencies are noted while observing a client, an OT can then proceed to do what?
Range of Motion Testing
Manual Muscle Strength Testing
Range of motion testing should being with what?
active ROM testing
If less than normal Active ROM is observed, which tests should be performed?
Passive ROM Testing
Measurement of Range of Motion (using a goniometer)
Manual Muscle Strength Testing
During AROM, movement should be performed how?
Performed bilaterally (One at a time)
Symmetrical
During AROM what should the OT be looking out for?
Effort
Fluidity of movement
Signs of pain or restriction and the angle at which they occur
If there is movement in any joint other than the one being tested
What is a goniometer used to measure?
joint angles
ROM
What is the axis that the arm on a goniometer moves around called?
fulcrum
How is joint movement measured using a goniometer?
Placing the axis of the goniometer directly over the axis of the joint
Aligning the arms of the goniometer with the 2 musculoskeletal segments connected to the joint
How many axis(es) are on a goniometer?
1 axis
