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Kinesiology Lecture > Ch. 4 Arthrokinematics > Flashcards

Ch. 4 Arthrokinematics Flashcards

1
Q

Define range of motion

A

The degree of movement that occurs at a joint

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of range of motion?

A

active ROM

passive ROM

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3
Q

What is active ROM?

A

The ROM through which a person can voluntarily move a joint (without assistance) using the adjacent muscles

Movement the individual does on their own

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4
Q

What is passive ROM?

A

The ROM that can be achieved by an external source (e.g., examiner, device) without assistance from the person being tested

Person is not doing the movement, someone or something is doing a movement on them

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5
Q

What are normal anatomical factors affecting joint ROM?

A

Connective Tissue: Tendons, ligaments, fascia, joint capsules and skin

Muscle Bulk: Muscle size may affect ROM

Bony Structures: Bony prominences can stop movements at normal end points in the range

Body Fat: Can act as a wedge between lever arms

Joint Structure: structure of a joint will affect joint ROM (Ex: ball-and-socket joint verses hinge joint)

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6
Q

How is stressed placed on contractile tissues?

A

by contracting or stretching

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7
Q

What do contractile tissues include?

A

Muscle

Tendons

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8
Q

How is stressed placed on non-contractile tissues?

A

by stretching or pinching

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9
Q

What do non-contractile tissues include?

A

Joint Capsule

Ligaments

Cartilage

Fascia

Skin

Bursae

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10
Q

What does it mean if AROM and PROM are painful and limited in the same direction?

A

Lesion is in the non-contractile tissues

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11
Q

What does it mean if AROM and PROM are painful and limited in the opposite direction?

A

Lesion is in the contractile tissues

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12
Q

What does active range of motion stress?

A

the contractile and passive tissues of a joint

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13
Q

What does AROM evaluate?

A

Coordination of Movement

Muscle Strength

Joint ROM

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14
Q

Limitation in AROM may be due to what?

A

Restricted Joint Mobility

Muscle Weakness

Muscle Tightness

Pain

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15
Q

What does PROM evaluate?

A

Integrity of the Joint

Extensibility of the

  • Joint Capsule
  • Ligaments
  • Muscles
  • Soft tissue
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16
Q

Does AROM or PROM promote a greater amount of range and why?

A

PROM b/c of:

  • Limitations in extensibility of contractile tissue related active movement
  • The amount of movement that is under voluntary control (This difference between AROM and PROM helps to protect the integrity of the joint by allowing for the absorption of external forces)
17
Q

What is the cause behind when AROM and PROM produce pain for the same joint action?

A

passive tissues

18
Q

Observing an individual performing functional tasks can provide insight into what in terms of ROM?

A

Abilities

Limitations

What testing should be completed in order to properly evaluate the client

19
Q

If deficiencies are noted while observing a client, an OT can then proceed to do what?

A

Range of Motion Testing

Manual Muscle Strength Testing

20
Q

Range of motion testing should being with what?

A

active ROM testing

21
Q

If less than normal Active ROM is observed, which tests should be performed?

A

Passive ROM Testing

Measurement of Range of Motion (using a goniometer)

Manual Muscle Strength Testing

22
Q

During AROM, movement should be performed how?

A

Performed bilaterally (One at a time)

Symmetrical

23
Q

During AROM what should the OT be looking out for?

A

Effort

Fluidity of movement

Signs of pain or restriction and the angle at which they occur

If there is movement in any joint other than the one being tested

24
Q

What is a goniometer used to measure?

A

joint angles

ROM

25
Q

What is the axis that the arm on a goniometer moves around called?

A

fulcrum

26
Q

How is joint movement measured using a goniometer?

A

Placing the axis of the goniometer directly over the axis of the joint

Aligning the arms of the goniometer with the 2 musculoskeletal segments connected to the joint

27
Q

How many axis(es) are on a goniometer?

A

1 axis

Kinesiology Lecture (3 decks)

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