Ch. 1 Basic Info Flashcards
What is kinesiology?
The study of movement
What is biomechanics?
The science of internal and external forces acting on living organisms (e.g., human body)
What is kinetics?
The forces acting on the body to:
- Cause Movement
- Resist Movement
- Modify Movement
Name some examples of kinestics?
Muscles
Gravity
Friction
External Resistance
What is kinematics?
A branch of biomechanics that describes the movement of a body without regard to the forces that produce the motion
What are the subdivisions of kinematics?
Based on specific focus of motion:
- Osteokinematics
- Arthrokinematics
What is Osteokinematics?
(what we would typically think of)
The manner in which bones move in space without regard for joint surfaces
Concerned with the movement of the bony segments that make up a joint
Movements of bony segments through their ROM
What is Arthrokinematics?
The manner in which movement occurs within a joint and between joint surfaces
How adjoining joint surfaces move on each other during Osteokinematic joint movement
Which sciences does human movement encompass?
Anatomy
Physiology
Physics
Mechanics
Biomechanics
What does the science of physics deal with?
Matter
Energy
Motion
Force
What is mechanics?
Is a branch of Physics concerned with:
- Force
- Acceleration
- Motion
- Mass
- How these affect a physical body
What are the primary sources of force that affect body movement?
gravity
skeletal muscles
external resistance
friction
What is gravity?
The force that attracts an object toward the center of the earth
How do skeletal muscles produce force on the skeletal system?
Active Contraction
Passive Stretching
What is external resistance?
Anything a muscle must work against to produce motion
What is friction?
The resistance to movement when 2 structures are in contact with each other
What is movement affected by?
Muscle Contraction
Center of Gravity
Muscle Force
External Forces
Internal and External Moment Arms
Joint Structure
Friction
What are the 4 aspects of muscle force?
Point of Force Application
Line of Application
Direction
Magnitude
What does human movement often involve?
Multiple bony segments
Joints connecting bony segments
What is a kinetic chain?
Bony segments and their related joints
Which components of the body work together to produce proper movement?
Bony Segments, Related Joints and Skeletal Muscles
Ex. Reaching forward to grasp a doorknob involves which bony segments, joints, and muscles?
Bony Segments: Of the hand, wrist, forearm, arm, scapula and thorax
Joints: Of the hand, wrist, elbow, shoulder and shoulder girdle
Muscles: Of the upper extremity, scapula and thorax
Are body segments typically used to describe joint motion?
no
How to joints and body segments relate to movement?
Movement occurs at a joint and the body segment goes along for the ride
Example: Flexion occurs at the shoulder (glenohumeral joint), not the arm