Ch 4 Alkanes And Cycloalkanes Flashcards
Eth
2
Prop
3
But
4
Pent
5
Hex
6
Hept
7
Oct
8
Non
9
Dec
10
Undec
11
Dodec
12
Tridec
13
Tertadec
14
Pentadec
15
Eicos
20
Triacont
30
Tetracont
40
Pentacont
50
Hect
100
Alkyl group
An alkane missing one hydrgen
Isopropyl
Sec-
The prefix “sec” or “s” is used when the functional group is bonded to a secondary carbon. This prefix is only useful for a four-carbon chain. It is not applicable with a shorter chain, and it is often ambiguous when the chain has five or more carbons.
Tert-butyl
The prefix “tert” or “t” is used when the functional group is bonded to a tertiary carbon.
Branched alkane said are ______in energy then straight chain alkane.
Lower in energy(more stable)
Conformations
A variety of possible three dimensional shape a compound can adopt
Dihedral angle or Torsional angle
The angle between two planes,where each plane is defined by three atoms, 60 degrees
Staggered conformation
Two atoms and/or group whose dihedral angle is 60 degrees. Their bonds to the axis of rotation are not aligned. Lowest energy conformation
Eclipsed conformation
Two atoms and/or groups whose dihedral angle is 0 degrees. Their bonds on the axis of rotation are aligned,highest in energy
Degenerate
Systems that are equal in energy
Torsional strain
Strain caused by van der Waals repulsion which can be reduced or eliminated by rotation around a single bond.strain between the eclipsed atoms
Anti conformation
The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180 degrees
Angle strain
The increase in energy associated with a bond angle that has deviated from the preferred angle of 109.5 degrees
Boat conformations
?
Cis
Two groups are on the same side
Trans
Two groups are on opposite sides
