Ch 3 Acids and bases

Question 1

Bronsted Lowry base

Answer 1

Proton acceptor

Question 2

Conjugate base

Answer 2

What remains of the acid after it has been deprotonated

Question 3

Conjugate acid

Answer 3

What remains after the base has been protonated

Question 4

All reactions are accomplished via_______.

Answer 4

The flow of electron density (the motion of electrons)

Question 5

Acids do not lose protons with the help_____.

Answer 5

Of a base

Question 6

What does it mean for a reaction to reach equilibrium

Answer 6

There is no longer an observable change in the concentrations of reactants and products.

Question 7

At equilibrium,the rate of the forward______

Answer 7

Is exactly equivalent to the rate of the reverse reaction

Question 8

The equilibrium will always favor the formation of the ______

Answer 8

Weaker acid

Question 9

If A- is very stable (weak base), then HA must be

Answer 9

A strong acid

Question 10

If A- is very unstable( strong base), then HA must be a

Answer 10

Weak acid

Question 11

What are the factors that affect the stability of a negative charge?

Answer 11

1. The atom bearing the charge 2. Resonance 3. Induction 4. Orbitals

Question 12

Electronegativity

Answer 12

Measures an atoms affinity for electrons(how willing the atom is to accepting a new charge). Electro negativity increases across a row
And up a column.

Question 13

What is the dominant effect when comparing the relative acidity of two atoms in the same column

Answer 13

Atom size,the larger atom spreads the charge over a larger volume

Question 14

A delocalized charge is _________.

Answer 14

More stable than a localized charge

Question 15

Induction stabilizes a negative charge by______.

Answer 15

Withdrawing electron density away from the negative charged region

Question 16

A pair of electrons in an sp hybridized orbital is held _______ to the nucleus than a pair of electrons in an sp2 or sp3 hybridized orbital.

Answer 16

Closer. As a result electrons residing in an sp orbital are stabilized by being close to the nucleus

Question 17

The equilibrium will always favor the more stabilized

Answer 17

Negative charge

Question 18

Bases stronger then hydroxide ______ be used when the solvent is water

Answer 18

Cannot. If a base stronger than HO- is dissolved in water, the base reacts with water to produce hydroxide. This is called the leveling effect.this is also observed in acidic solutions.

Question 19

Lewis acid

Answer 19

Is a electron acceptor

Question 20

Lewis base

Answer 20

Is a electron donor

Question 21

Bronsted Lowry acid

Answer 21

Proton donor