Ch 4 Flashcards
ankyl/o
stiff joint
arthr/o
articul/o
joint
burs/o
sac
carp/o
carpus
cervic/o
neck
chondr/o
cartilage
clavicul/o
clavicle
coccyg/o
coccyx
cortic/o
outer layer
cost/o
rib
crani/o
skull
femor/o
femur
fibul/o
fibula
humer/o
humerus
ili/o
ilium
ischi/o
ischium
kyph/o
hump
lamin/o
lamina (part of vertebra)
lord/o
bent backward
lumb/o
loin (low back between ribs and pelvis)
mandibul/o
mandible
maxill/o
maxilla
medull/o
inner region
metacarp/o
metacarpus
metatars/o
metatarsus
myel/o
bone marrow, spinal cord
ortho/o
straight
oste/o
bone
patell/o
patella
pector/o
chest
ped/o
child;foot
pelv/o
pelvis
phalang/o
phalanges
pod/o
foot
prosthet/o
addiciton
pub/o
pubic
radi/o
radius; ray (X-ray)
sacr/o
sacrum
scapul/o
scapula
scoli/o
crooked
spin/o
spine
spondyl/o
vertebrae
stern/o
sternum
synovi/o
synov/o
synovial membrane
tars/o
tarsus
thorac/o
chest
tibi/o
tibia
uln/o
ulna
vertebr/o
vertebra
-blast
immature
-clasia
to surgically break
-listhesis
slipping
-logic
pertaining to study of
-porosis
porous
dis-
apart
non-
not
axial skeleton
includes the bones of the head, neck, spine, chest, and trunk
appendicular skeleton
includes the pectoral girdle, upper extremities, pelvis girdle, and lower extremities
Skull is divided into
cranium and facial bones
Cranium consists of
the frontal, parietal, temporal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and occipital bones
the facial bones that surround the mouth, nose, and eyes include
the mandible, maxilla, zygomatic, vomer, palatine, nasal, and lacrimal bones
pectoral girdle consist of
the clavicle and scapula bones
the pelvic girdle is called the
os coxae or innominate bone (hipbone)
the pelvic girdle contains the
ilium, ischium, and pubis
bursa
sac like structure composed of connective tissue and lined with synovial membrane.
-centesis
puncture to withdraw fluid
-desis
to fuse
-genic
producing
-gram
record
-graphy
process of recording
-iatry
medical treatment
-malacia
abnormal softening
-metry
process of measuring
-osis
abnormal condition
-stenosis
narrowing
per-
through
inter-
between
podiatry
healthcare profession specializing in diagnosis and treatment of foot and lower leg disorders
arthralgia
joint pain
bursitis
inflammation of bursa
callus
the mass of bone tissue that forms at a fracture site during its healing
chondromalacia
softening of the cartilage
crepitaton
the noise produced by bones or cartilage rubbing together in conditions such as arthritis
ostealgia
bone pain
osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone and bone marrow
synovitis
inflammation of synovial membrane
closed fracture
fracture in which there is no open skin wound (simple fracture)
Colles’ fracture
a common wrist fracture
comminuted fracture
fracture in which the bone is shattered, splintered, or crushed into many small pieces or fragments.
compound fracture
fracture in which the bone has broken through the skin (open fracture)
compression frature
fracture involving loss of height of vertebral body.
greenstick fracture
fracture in which there is an incomplete break; one side of bone is broken and the other side is bent. Commonly found in children
impacted fracture
fracture in which bone fragments are pushed into each other
oblique fracture
fracture at an angle to the bone
pathological fracture
fracture caused by disease or weakened bone
spiral fracture
fracture in which the fracture line spirals around the shaft of the bone
stress fracture
a slight fracture caused by repetitive low-impact forces, like running.
transverse fracture
complete fracture that is straight across the bone at right angels to the long axis of the bone
chondroma
a tumor that forms in cartilage, usually benign
Ewing’s sarcoma
malignant growth found in the shaft of long bones that spreads through the periosteum.
exostosis
a bony, outward projection from the surface of a bone; also a bone spur
myeloma
a tumor that forms in bone marrow tissue
osteochondroma
a tumor, usually benign, that consists of both bone and cartilage tissue
osteogenic sarcoma
the most common type of bone cancer. usually begins in osteocytes found at the ends of long bones
osteomalacia
softening of bones caused by calcium deficiency
osteopathy
a general term for bone disease
osteoporosis
decrease in bone mass producing a thinning and weakening of the bone
Paget’s disease
a fairly common metabolic disease of the bone from unknown causes
rickets
deficiency in calcium and vitamin D found in early childhood that results in bone deformities like bowed legs
ankylosing spondylitis
inflammatory spinal condition resembling rheumatoid arthritis
herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP)
herniated or protrusion of an invertebral disk
kyphosis
abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine known as hump back
lordosis
abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine (swayback)
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
spina bifida
congenital anomaly occurring when a vertebra fails to fully form around spinal cord
spinal stenosis
narrowing of the spinal canal causing pressure on the cord and nerves
spondylolisthesis
the forward sliding of a lumbar vertebra over the vertebra below it
spondylosis
refers to ankylosing of the spine
bunion
inflammation of the bursa of the first metatarsophalangeal joint
subluxation
an incomplete dislocation, the joint alignment is disrupted
systemic lupus erythematosus
chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of connective tissues affecting many systems that may include joint pain and arthritis.
talipes
congenital deformity causing misalignment of the ankle joint and foot (clubfoot)
arthrogram
X-ray record of a joint
arthrography
process of X-raying a joint
DXA
dual energy absorptiometry (measurement of bone density)
