ch 4 5 6 test like hello where is the reasoning?? Flashcards
Atomic Number
Number of protons duh payton
Atomic Mass/ Mass number
Protons plus Neutrons
Weights
Protons and Neutrons are the heaviest and they weigh the same
Electrons are the lightest
Law of Conservation of mass
Matter cannot be destroyed nor created.
Ex: When wood burns, the mass or soot, ashes etc equal the original mass
Law of proportions chemistry
A given chemistry compound always contains the same elements in the exact same proportion by mass
Law of Multiple Proportions
When two elements form more than one compound BASICALLY ALWAYS A RATIO
This ONLY APPLIES TO COMPOUNDS OF THE SAVE ELEMENT OKAY PAYTON? DONT GET THIS WRONG
What did Dalton do?
Dalton created the atomic theory.
Atomic theory:
- All mater is composed of small particles called atoms
- Atoms of one element are different from that of any other element
- Atoms of the different elements can chemically or physically mix together
- Chemical reactions occur when atoms are separated from each other, joined, or rearranged in different combinations. Atoms of one element are never changed into atoms of another element as a result of a chemical reaction.
- First to show that atoms form compounds when they are combined
What did JJ Thompson do
- Created the Cathode ray. Shot electric particles with a positive plate on top which attracted it.
- This showed that there were negative particles which he called Corpusles which later were named electrons by another scientist
- Plum Pudding model
Plum Pudding model
This model was proposed by Jj thompson
It shows negatively charged particles in a positive charged seas
This one has no nucleus
What did Ernest Rutherford
- Gold Foil
- Basically shot alpha particles at something and it reflected which gave the identity of a nucleus
- Atoms consist of a postively charged nuecleus
- Electrons orbit the nucleus
- Nucleus contains most of the mass
What did Bohr do
He made a model with a nucleus with 3 rings, these electrons orbit the nucleus in different energy levels.
Radiation is absorbed or emitted when electrons
State the charge, location, and mass of the three particles
Neutron and Protons weigh 1.67 x 10^-24
Electrons located electron cloud, which is located around the nucleus. and it weights 9.11 x 10^-28
Isotopes
Anything with a different amount of Neutrons, and Atomic mass cannot be the same
Cation
Positive lose electrons
Anions
Negative gain electrons
How to calculate the average atomic mass.
Mass x percent + mass of perecent + mass of percent
Eletromagnetic waves of color
Red Orange Yellow Green blue indigo purple violet
(Longest wavelengths to shortest)
(Least energy to most)
Electromagnetic waves of
Radio, Radar, Microwave, Infared, Visible, ultraviolet, X rays, gamma.
(Longest to shortest)
(Least energy to most)
Relationshio between wavelength and Frequency
W= A
F= V
Inversely proportionate (Pay u prob dont know this once so study if biatch)
Excited State of Electrons
Don’t follow the rule, skip to the next state. Always higher energy
Basically just skip elements sorta (Pay prob wont understand this)
Ground state
Lowest energy state, does not skip follows through
What are the properties of the four quantum
N- Principle
L- Angular
Me - Magnetic
Ms - Spin
What are the shapes for the orbitals
S - Sphere
P - Dumbbell
D - Flower
F - Very complicated shape
Electron Configuration
No box
Orbital notation
Box arrows up down obvi
Core notation
Noble gass and shit bc payton takes massive shits
Aufbau principle
How to arrange electrons from the lowest energy level to the highest energy level
Hand’s rule
The rule that states u need to fill all up before you can go down
Paulis Exclusion
Each orbital may accommodate a maximum of two arrows
Heizenberg
U cannot find the velocity and the position of an electron at the same time because one relys on the other
Difference between energy shells and orbitals
energy shells are the spdf
orbitals are the boxes
Doberiner
Grouped elements into traid
Meyer
Arranged Atomic Mass
Seaborg
He proposed moving the lanthanides and the actinides from the main body of the periodic table
Mendeleev
Arranged by increasing atomic Mass
Newlands
Proposed the law of Octaive
Mosley
Arranged by atomic number
Periodic Law
When we go across and and down or up stuff increases and decreases
What happens to the metallic Character and Atom radius and reactivity
Decreases across and increases down
Because as you go across you ad more electrons which causes more magnetic pull between protons and electrons and while you go down you add a new layer of electrons which caues weaker nuclear energy.
What are Valence electrons
The outermost layer of electrons
Ionization Energy
Removing Electrons. Which would result in a cation
The higher the more difficult
Electromagnetivity Ugh obvi taki
ELECTRON AFFINITY BUT IN A CHEMICAL BOND|
JUST LIKE JAMES BOND
Electron Affinity
How do you start spfd
1 s 2p 3f 4 d
Metals
Good conductors of heat and electricty
All Solid at room temp but mercury
most are malleiable
Non metals
Gass at room temp
Poor conductors
Metalloid
Properties of that mixed with Non metal and metal
Atomic radius Trend
Increases going down decreases to the right Nuclear energy has a smaller effect
ION
Negative or Positive atom
Ionizaiton Energy Trends
Decrease from top to bottom and increase left to right
this is because as you go right there are more electrons added which makes it harder to make a core.
And when you go down the outer electron is farther away from the nucleus
Electrongatvitiy Trneds
Decreases from top to bottom and increase left to right because as you go from left to right more electrons gets added which causes a greater magnetic pull between protons and electrons while going down a new layer is added which weakens the pull
Reactivity trends
Increases down Decreases to the right because the farther left the easier electrons can be taken away
