Ch. 4 Flashcards
What is data?
Raw bits and pieces of information
What is quantitative?
Numeric
What is qualitative?
Descriptive
What is information?
Is when data is given context and is more specific
What is knowledge?
Developed when information has been aggregated and analyzed to make decisions, set policies, and spark innovation
What is wisdom?
The combination of knowledge and experience and may take years to develop
What are databases?
Organized collection of related information to generate knowledge for decision making purposes
What is relational database?
Data is organized into one or more tables such as Microsoft Access. Relational databases use Microsoft Access installed on one machine with one use access at a time.
What are tables?
A collection of fields
Ex. Student ID, course ID, grade earned
What is a record?
An instance in the table Ex. your specific information in the table
Design is a critical first step in creating a database. What things should you recognize in creating this design?
- Understand the goal and how the database will be used
- Identify the data needed as part of accomplishing this goal
- Identify how the data is related to each other
- Identify tables and fields to organize the data
What is text? (a field in a database)
Non-numeric data less than 256 characters
What is a number? (a field in a database)
Numeric data
What is yes/no? (a field in a database)
Stores 0 for no or false and 1 for yes or true
What is date/time? (a field in a database)
Number data type that can be interpreted as a number or a time
What is currency? (a field in a database)
Monetary data
Paragraph text? (a field in a database)
Stores text longer than 256 characters
What is object? (a field in a database)
Data that can’t be typed such as a picture or music file
Whats is Structured Query Language (SQL)?
A tool/language that helps extract information from the database for analysis purposes and is considered a database report
What is hierarchical database?
Parent/child relationship between data
What is document-centric database?
Places data into documents that can be manipulated
What is NoSQL database?
Usually multiple machines and, in some cases, machines in multiple data centers
What is database management systems (DBMS)?
An application that allows data to be entered, modified and deleted. It can also be read and reported. It has a user friendly interface to design the database
What is enterprise database?
A database that contains data that is shared by the users of an organization, generally across departments and/or geographic regions. (Serves the entire organization)
What is a data warehouse?
- Consists of extracts from one or more of the organization’s databases
- Allows the data to be copied and stored for analysis and needs to be refreshed as the data changes
- Data is time-stamped when extracted and allows comparisons between different time periods
- Data is standardized
What are data marts?
Smaller subsets of data warehouses for specific business problems
What is data mining?
Automated process of analyzing data to find previously unknown trends, patterns, and associations and to make better business decisions.
What is business intelligence?
Collecting and analyzing information to increase their competitive advantage.
What is business analytics?
Uses internal company data to improve business processes and practices
What is knowledge management (KM)?
- The process of formalizing the capture, indexing, and storing of knowledge.
- Companies and individuals accumulate knowledge.
