Ch. 4

Question 1

Magnification

Answer 1

increase in the apparent size of an object

Question 2

cell theory

Answer 2

all living things are composed of cells, all cells come from other cells)

Question 3

Light and Electron microscopes

Answer 3

used to magnify objects

Question 4

Scanning electron microscope

SEM

Answer 4

used to study surfaces of cells *to remember: ss, scanning surfaces

Question 5

Transmission electron microscope TEM

Answer 5

used to study inside of cells

Question 6

The smaller you are…the____ the surface volume you occupy..

Answer 6

the larger the surface area volume you occupy

smaller cells have larger surface to volume ratios

Question 7

plasma membranes

Answer 7

form boundaries between the living cell and its surroundings (makes it flexible)

Question 8

Chromosomes

Answer 8

filled with DNA

Question 9

Ribosomes

Answer 9

structural unit for DNA, makes proteins

Question 10

Cytoplasm

Answer 10

fluid filled with nutrients, in the interior of cell

Question 11

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 11

no membrane bound organelles

Nucleoid (DNA coiled in a region w/o a membrane)

Question 12

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 12

have partitions,

organelles perform specific functions which sum up to cellular respirations

Question 13

Nucleus

Answer 13

genetic control center
contains most of DNA
directs protein synthesis

Question 14

Ribosomes

Answer 14

does the work in the nucleus,
can read 3 sections of DNA at a time
carry out protein synthesis

Question 15

Endomembrane system

Answer 15

major manufacturing site

Question 16

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 16

synthesize lipids *to remember: SS smooth synthesizes

Question 17

rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 17

makes membrane; Lipid synthesis; detoxification in liver cells; calcium ion storage

Question 18

mitochondria

Answer 18

convert chemical energy from food (sugar) to ATP

carry out cellular respiration

Question 19

cristae

Answer 19

folds in the mitochondrion

Question 20

chloroplasts

Answer 20

in plants, site of photosynthesis

Question 21

stroma

Answer 21

contains DNA and ribosomes

Question 22

Thylakoids

Answer 22

sacs inside the chloroplasts, when stacked are called GRANA

Question 23

Endosymbiont Theory

Answer 23

mitochondria and chloroplasts were prokaryotes with DNA, at some point began living within larger cells

Question 24

Cytoskeleton

Answer 24

helps organize,
network of fibers,
provide structural supports and cell mobility

Question 25

microfilaments

Answer 25

smallest

Question 26

microtubules

Answer 26

largest

Question 27

Golgi apparatus

Answer 27

sac; Modification and sorting of macromolecules; formation of lysosomes and transport vesicles

Question 28

Lysosomes

Answer 28

sac of digestive enzymes “break down body”,
from the rough ER,
digest food particles when they fuse with food vacuoles recycling damage content WBC use lysosomes to destroy bacteria

Question 29

vacuoles

Answer 29

large vesicles with a variety of functions,
- contain food, contractual: digestive; contain pigments (flowers) that attract pollinators ; contains poison (in plants)
overall general maintenance of cell

Question 30

peroxisomes

Answer 30

metabolic compartments not originating from endomembrane system
-UNK relationship
break down fatty acids, detoxify harmful compounds (liver)

Question 31

extracellular matrix

Answer 31

-materials that remain outside of the plasma membrane
-glycoproteins (protein with carbs)
proteins -> through membrane ->

Question 32

Cell junctions:

Tigh

Answer 32

when plasma membranes are tightly pressed against each other (forms continuous seal)

Question 33

Cell junctions :

Anchoring

Answer 33

reverts fastened like strong sheets

Question 34

Cell junctions : Gap

Answer 34

communicating junctions allow small molecules to flow through pores