Ch. 37 Flashcards

1
Q

interspecific interactions

A

relationships with individuals of other species in the community

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2
Q

Interspecific competition

A

(- / -) occurs when populations of two different species compete for the same limited resource

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3
Q

mutualism

A

( + +). Populations of two different species interact and assist each other to gain recourses

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4
Q

predation

A

,(+ / -) one species (the predator) kills and eats another species (the prey)

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5
Q

Herbivory

A

consumption of plant parts or algae by an animal

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6
Q

Parasites

A

lives on or in the host species

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7
Q

pathogens

A

disease carrying microscopic parasite, potentially devastating effects

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8
Q

community

A

includes all of the organisms inhibiting a particular area

all the populations that are living close enough for potential interaction

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9
Q

population

A

same species hat live in the same area/community at the same time period

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10
Q

Primary producer

A

autotrophs

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11
Q

Primary consumers

A

Herbivores, directly or indirectly dependent on the output of producers

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12
Q

Secondary consumers

A

carnivores insectivores that eat primary consumers

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13
Q

Tertiary and quaternary

A

predators that eat secondary/tertiary consumers, carnivores that eat carnivores/insectivores, further up the food chain, genially larger

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14
Q

Scavengers

A

larger animals that feed on carcasses of dead animals that are left behind by other predators

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15
Q

Decomposers

A

prokaryotes and fungi that secret enzymes to digest food, converting organic material into inorganic material

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16
Q

species richness

A

the number of different species in a community

17
Q

relative abundance

A

the proportional representation of each species in the community

18
Q

ecological succession

A

the gradual colonization of species in an area that has a large disturbances

19
Q

primary succession

A

when a biological community arises and takes hold in area without soil

20
Q

secondary succession

A

when a biological community arises and takes hold in an area after a disturbance that left the soil intact

21
Q

non-native species

A

non native to the area; they have been introduced from another area

22
Q

invasive species

A

non native species that cause ecological and/or economic harm

23
Q

Biological controls

A

intentional release of a predator into a new community in order to control the pest population

24
Q

Ecosystem

A

All organisms in a community plus the abiotic environment

25
Q

Energy flow

A

passage of energy through the various components of the ecosystem

26
Q

Biomass

A

the amount of living organic material in the ecosystem

27
Q

Net primary production “NPT”

A

the amount biomass produced minus the amount used by consumers for cellular respiration

28
Q

Chemical cycling

A

the transfer of material within the ecosystem

29
Q

Carbon

A

the major ingredient of all organic molecules

30
Q

Phosphorus cycle

A

required for nucleic acids (DNA) phospholipids (fats) and ATP

31
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

converts N2 (g) to compounds of N that can be used plants “preformed by bacteria”

32
Q

hydrologic cycle

A

low levels of nutrients are beneficial for organisms in the community

33
Q

eutrophication

A

increase in nutrients