Ch. 2

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

anything that takes up space and has mass ex: solid liquid gas

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

a substance that cannot be broken down further (with normal chemical means)

Question 3

Compounds

Answer 3

made up of two or more different elements in fix rations

Question 4

Trace elements

Answer 4

added to our food to improve health

Question 5

Atom

Answer 5

the most basic substance, the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element made up of protons, electrons, and neutrons

Question 6

isotopes

Answer 6

have a different number of neutrons same number of protons, behave the same in chemical reactions stable/unstable

Question 7

chemical bonds

Answer 7

electron placement is responsible which bond can be formed, electrons move around the nucleus at different energy levels called shells

Question 8

Bond types

Answer 8

covalent → ionic, → hydrogen (strength →)

Question 9

molecule

Answer 9

2 or more atoms healed together by covalent bonds

Question 10

electronegativity

Answer 10

tug of war between the atoms for the shared electrons

Question 11

polar covalent bond

Answer 11

occurs where there is unequal sharing of electrons

Question 12

Non-polar covalent bonds

Answer 12

occur where the atoms exert an equal pull on the shared electron, this results in non-polar molecule

Question 13

ions

Answer 13

atoms and molecules with an electrical charge caused by the loss or gain of e-

Question 14

ionic bond

Answer 14

ions of opposite changes (- , +) attract each other enough to form a natural compound

Question 15

positive ion

Answer 15

cation

Question 16

negative ion

Answer 16

anion

Question 17

hydrogen bonds

Answer 17

when positively charged regions (H+) are attracted to negatively charged regions (O-) of a nearby molecule = hydrogen bonds, temporary and weak , allow for communication (brief) without alterations is structure

Question 18

chemical reactions

Answer 18

make and break chemical bonds which allows for change in composition of matter

Question 19

water

Answer 19

universal solvent

Question 20

high specific heat

Answer 20

allows for water to absorbs a lot of heat without heating up due to hydrogen bonds

Question 21

evaporative cooling

Answer 21

when molecules with the greatest energy (heat) evaporate from the surface due to hydrogen bonds

Question 22

pH scale

Answer 22

The pH scale measures the amount of H+ or OH- in solin

when ions dissolve in a solution they contribute either OH-(base) or H+(acid)

Question 23

acid

Answer 23

donate H+ to solin

Question 24

Base

Answer 24

donate OH- to solin

Question 25

Acid precipitation

Answer 25

rain fog, snow, with a pH lower than 5.2 (normally rain has a pH of 5.6)

Question 26

Ocean acidification

Answer 26

decreasing pH of ocean due to CO2 dissolving