Ch 4

Question 1

Division under statistics Canada

Answer 1

Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics

Question 2

1978-2015 # of adults incarcerated in Canada…

Answer 2

increased

Question 3

Dark figure of crime

Answer 3

Unrecorded crime

Question 4

UCR 2.0 -> UCR 2.1

Answer 4

UCR 2.1 introduced 1998. Introduced efficiency for police, reduced response burden

Question 5

UCR1

Answer 5

Collects summary data on nearly 100 separate criminal offenses

Question 6

UCR2

Answer 6

Collects more detailed data on each incidents, victims, accused persons

Question 7

Seriousness rule

Answer 7

In UCR, only the most serious crime is to be scored in an incident.

Question 8

Criticism of UCR

Answer 8

Seriousness rule inflates % of serious crime to non-serious crimes, undercounts non-serious crimes; crime categories too general.

Question 9

Conviction # 1901 -> 1965? Why?

Answer 9

Up by 2500%! Mostly summary convictions, less serious crimes, traffic offenses

Question 10

Rates of family violence?

Answer 10

Up

Question 11

Cannabis-related offenses? Drug offenses? Cannabis use?

Answer 11

Lower; lower; same

Question 12

Violent crimes lower or higher than property crimes?

Answer 12

Lower

Question 13

Violent + property crime rates up or down?

Answer 13

Down

Question 14

Homicides up or down?

Answer 14

Down

Question 15

CSI

Answer 15

Crime Severity Index

Question 16

CSI Calculates what?

Answer 16

Assigns each offense a weight derived from actual sentences given by the criminal courts

Question 17

Most comprehensive source of information about the extent of cybercrime

Answer 17

Crime survey for England and Wales

Question 18

Highest type of crime from Crime survey for England and Wales?

Answer 18

Online fraud

Question 19

Which crimes not captured by victimization surveys?

Answer 19

Murder; “victim-less” crimes (gambling, drug use); crimes where the victim is not aware (fraud, embezzlement, white collar crimes)

Question 20

What portion of victimization survey crimes got reported to police?

Answer 20

Just under 1/3

Question 21

Victimization survey: What types of crimes were more likely to be reported?

Answer 21

Property crimes esp. $1000+ in damages

Question 22

Victimization survey: which crimes least likely to be reported?

Answer 22

Sexual assault

Question 23

Age category with lowest risk of victimization?

Answer 23

Seniors

Question 24

Typical victim of crime?

Answer 24

Young, male, not employed full time, active social life

Question 25

Women experience more or less violent victimization?

Answer 25

20 times higher than men

Question 26

Key factor associated with violent victimization?

Answer 26

Age

Question 27

Critique: methodology of VS

Answer 27

Special methods needed for rural Canadians; Indigenous Canadians; white collar crime, consensual crime, enterprise crime (organized crime)

Question 28

Critique: responses to VS

Answer 28

Need to place incidents correctly in time; articulate, well-educated respondents more likely to talk to interviewers. Sensitive crimes (domestic, sexual assaults) may be tough to talk about

Question 29

Self-report: demographic trends?

Answer 29

Lower-class males, Black males more likely to underreport than white middle class males.

Question 30

Self-report: criticisms?

Answer 30

1) Law-abiding more likely to report infractions. 2) Method may be biased, eg. listing more non-serious offenses. 3) Hard to sample criminals, where are they?