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Rad Pro 1 > Ch. 4 > Flashcards

Ch. 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the SID for the abdomen and chest?

A
  • 40 Abdomen
  • 72 Chest
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2
Q

What does ascites mean?

A
  • fluid in the peritoneal cavity
  • a condition in which fluid collects in spaces within your abdomen
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3
Q

The abdominopelvic cavity consists of what 2 parts?

A
  • a large superior portion, the abdominal cavity
  • smaller inferior part, the pelvic cavity
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4
Q

the abdominal cavity extends from the ______ to the superior _________

A
  • diaphragm
  • superior aspects of the bony pelvis
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5
Q

what organs are contained within the abdominal cavity?

A

stomach
small & large intestine
liver
gallbladder
spleen
pancreas
kidneys

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6
Q

what is contained within the pelvic cavity?

A
  • rectum and sigmoid of the large intestine
  • urinary bladder
  • reproductive organs
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7
Q

where does the pelvic cavity lie?

A

within the margins of the bony pelvis

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8
Q

the abdominopelvic cavity enclosed in a double walled seromembranous sac called the:

A

peritoneum

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9
Q

what is the outer portion of the peritoneum sac is termed:

and the inner portion is termed:

A
  • parietal peritoneum
  • visceral peritoneum
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10
Q

the peritoneum forms folds called the _____ and ____; which serve to support the viscera in position.

A
  • Mesentery
  • Omenta
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11
Q

The space between the two layers of the peritoneum is called the _____

A

peritoneal cavity

  • a collection of fluid here is ascites
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12
Q

The _______ is the cavity behind the peritoneum.

A

Retroperitoneum

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13
Q

What organs lie in the retroperitoneum?

A

Kidneys and pancreas

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14
Q

In examinations without a contrast medium, it is imperative to obtain _____

A

maximal soft tissue differentiation throughout the different regions of the abdomen

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15
Q

What are the four best criteria for assessing the quality of an abdominal radiographic image?

A

1) Sharply defined outlines of the psoas muscles

2) Lower border of the liver

3) Kidneys

4) Ribs and transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae

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16
Q

What is the most commonly performed abdomen x ray?

A

Supine, AP

Also known as a KUB
( Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder )

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17
Q

What projections may be used to compliment the supine AP abdomen?

A

An upright AP abdomen; or an AP or PA projection in the lateral decubitus position or both

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18
Q

What is a pnuemoperitoneum?

A

free air

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19
Q

What projections are useful in assessing the abdomen in patients with free air?

A

AP Upright and AP/PA lateral decubitus

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20
Q

PA chest image would include______

A

the upper abdomen and diaphragm

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21
Q

Why might an upright PA chest be indicated? N/A

A

to view air escaping from the GI tract into the peritoneal space rises to the highest level, usually just beneath the diaphragm

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22
Q

Where will free air in the abdomen be seen? N/A

A

RUQ; Highest Level ??

  • may accumulate under the diaphragm ?
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23
Q

What two abdomen projections may be asked for by the physician?

A

supine and upright AP abdomen

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24
Q

If large amounts of free air are present, it maybe suggested that the patient _____

A

lie on the side for a minimum of 5 mins

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25
Q

If a patient is unable to stand for an AP upright abdomen projection, what should be done instead?

A

lateral recumbent position lying on a radiolucent pad;

  • Left Lateral Decubitus position in most situations
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26
Q

What position is referred for most initial examinations of the abdomen?

A

supine

27
Q

for both supine and upright, what plane should be centered to the midline of the grid?

A

Mid Sagittal

28
Q

If a patient is in ______, you should place a support under their knees to prevent strain.

A

supine

29
Q

where do you center the IR for supine abdomen?

A

level of iliac crest

30
Q

what should you ensure is included on a supine abdomen?

A

the pubic symphysis

31
Q

What breathing instructions are given for abdominal x-rays (upright and supine) Why?

A

Respiration; suspend at the end of EXPIRATION so that the abdominal organs are not compressed

32
Q

Respiration for a chest?

A

Full Inspiration

The exposure is made after the second full INSPIRATION to ensure the maximum expansion of the lungs.

33
Q

Where is the central ray directed for a supine abdomen?

A

Perpendicular to the IR, at the level of iliac crest

34
Q

What radiation field size is used for an AP supine abdomen?

A

14 x 17 inches LW

35
Q

How should the patient be positioned for an AP upright abdomen?

A
  • Back against the IR
  • distribute right of the body equally on the feet
  • place patients arms so they do not cast a shadow on the image
36
Q

Where do you center the IR for an AP upright abdomen?

A

2 inches above the the level of the iliac crest, or high enough to include the diaphragm

37
Q

Where is the central ray directed for an AP upright abdomen?

A

horizontal, and 2 inches above level of the iliac crest to include the diaphragm

38
Q

what three things are the same for an upright abdomen and a supine abdomen?

A

respiration, collimate, field size

39
Q

What structures are shown on an AP projection of the abdomen?
(3) N/A

A
  • Size and shape of the liver
  • Spleen
  • Kidneys & intra-abdominal calcifications or evidence of tumor masses
40
Q

What are two evaluation criteria for an AP abdomen projection? N/A

A
  • Evidence of proper collimation and presence of side marker and upright marker; placed clear of the anatomy
  • area of the pubic symphysis to the upper abdomen
41
Q

When would you you perform a lateral decubitus abdomen?

A

patient is too ill to stand, left lateral in most situations

42
Q

When doing a lateral decubitus and free intraperitoneal air is suspended what should be done to allow air to rise to its highest level within the abdomen?

A

have patient lie on the side for 5 mins before exposure

43
Q

why is the left lateral decubitus position for an AP projection the most valuable?

A

showing free air and air-fluid levels when an AP upright abdomen can not be obtained

44
Q

latent image:

A

invisible image, not yet processed

45
Q

For tall patients should you obtain a second image for the bladder; for an AP abdomen?

A

Yes!

46
Q

An abdominal X-ray can help diagnose conditions such as:

A

tumors, ascites, or calcification of the aorta

47
Q

Hypersthenic Chest you turn the IR…..

A

Crosswise

48
Q

What are the four major types of body habits?
&
What are their approximate frequency in the population?

A

• Sthenic 50%
• Hyposthenic 35%
• Asthenic 10%
• HyperSthenic 5%

49
Q

A 3-way abdomen series may be requested to rule out what?

A

Free air, Bowl obstruction, and Infection

50
Q

An AP upright and decubitus have a _______ beam

A

Horizonal

51
Q

Abdominal image will show what?

A

Psoas muscles, lower border of the liver, and kidneys
Transverse processes of the lumbar spine

52
Q

How do you position the IR for an AP abdomen and a left lateral decubitus abdomen?

A

2 inches above the level of the iliac crest

53
Q

Where is the central ray angulation for the abdomen?

A

0 degrees/ perpendicular

54
Q

What are the primary considerations when producing an optimal image of the abdomen?

A
  • Explain breathing procedures
  • Wait 1-2 seconds after suspension of respiration before exposure
55
Q

How many primary bones is the adult human body composed of?

A

206

56
Q

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

A

126

57
Q

How many bones are in the axial skeleton?

A

80

58
Q

An example of a flat bone is;

A

Scapula

59
Q

A patient is recumbent facing the IR, and the left side of the body is turned 45 degrees away from the IR. What position is this:

A

Right anterior oblique

60
Q

Fowler’s position is:

A

Supine with the head higher than the feet

61
Q

Trendelenburg position is:

A

Supine with the head lower than the feet

62
Q

The direction or path of the CR of the x-ray beam

A

Projection

63
Q

thoracic cavity contains:

A
  • lungs and heart
  • organs of respiratory
  • cardiovascular and lymphatic systems; inferior portion of the esophagus and thymus gland
64
Q

Hypersthenic Chest the IR is positioned:

A

Crosswise

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