Ch. 2 Test 1- Body Planes & Regions, Body Habitus, Body Cavities Flashcards
______ is the term applied to the science of the structure of the body.
Anatomy
____ is the study of the function of the body organs.
Physiology
____ is the detailed study of the body of knowledge relating to the bones of the body.
Osteology
What are the 4 fundamental body planes referred to in radiography?
- Sagittal
- Horizontal / Transverse
- Coronal
- Oblique
A ______ passes vertically through the body from front to back, and divides the body (or part) into _____ & _____ segments.
- Sagittal Plane
- Left & Right
The _____ is a specific sagittal plane that passes through the midline of the body and divides it into EQUAL right and left halves.
Mid Sagittal Plane = EQUAL right & left
A _____ divides the entire body (or part) into ____ and ____ segments.
It passes vertically from one side to the other.
- Coronal Plane
- Anterior
- Posterior
The _____ is a specific coronal plane that passed through the midline of the body and divides it into EQUAL anterior and posterior halves.
Mid-Coronal = EQUAL anterior & posterior
A ____ passes crosswise through the body (or part) at right angles to the longitudinal axis.
It is positioned at a _____ to the sagittal and coronal planes and divides the body into ____ and _____ portions.
- Horizontal/ Transverse Plane
- Right Angle
- Superior
- Interior
An ____ can pass through a body part at any angle among the sagittal, coronal, & horizontal planes.
Oblique Plane
Why are planes used in radiographic positioning?
To center a body part to the image receptor (IR) , or central ray and to ensure the body part is properly aligned with the image receptor (IR) .
Two ____ are used in radiographic positioning. These planes are localized to a ____ of the body.
- Special Planes
- Specific Area
The ____ transects the body at the pelvis at the top of the iliac crests (level of L4)
Inter-iliac Plane
The ____ is formed by the biting surfaces of the upper and lower teeth with the jaws closed.
Occlusal Plane
What are the two great cavities of the torso called?
Thoracic and Abdominal Cavities
The abdominal cavity has no intervening partition, the lower portion is called the _______ .
Some anatomist combine the abdominal and pelvic cavities and refer to them as the ______ .
- Pelvic Cavity
- Abdominopelvic Cavity
What principle structures are located in the thoracic cavity? (7)
Pleural Membranes
Lungs
Trachea
Esophagus
Pericardium
Heart
Great Vessels
What principle structure located in the abdominal cavity? (10)
Peritoneum
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Spleen
Stomach
Intestines
Kidneys
Ureters
Major Blood Vessels
What principle structures are located in the pelvic cavity?
Rectum
Urinary Bladder
and parts of the reproductive system
example for female - uterus, ovaries
The abdomen is divided into 4 _____
Quadrants
What are the quadrants of the abdomen?
Right Upper Quadrant - RUQ
Right Lower Quadrant - RLQ
Left Upper Quadrant - LUQ
Left Lower Quadrant- LLQ
Why is diving the abdomen into quadrants useful?
For describing the the location of the various abdominal organs
Some anatomists divide the abdomen into ____ regions by using ____ planes.
These are not used as often as quadrants in clinical practice.
9
4
The ____ regions of the body are divided into 3 groups.
Name the region by groups.
- 9
- Superior
- Middle
- Inferior
Common variations in the shape of the human body are termed?
Body Habitus
Why is the specific type of body habitus important in radiography?
It determines the size, shape, & position of the organs, of the thoracic and abdominal cavities
What organs are affected in habitus ? (6)
Hearts
Lungs
Diaphragm
Stomach
Colon
Gallbladder
The gallbladder may vary in position by ____ depending on body habitus.
8 inches
What other determination does body habitus and placement of the thoracic and abdominal organs play an important role in?
Determination of technical and exposure factors
What are the four major types of body habitus?
&
What are their approximate frequency in the population?
- Sthenic 50%
- Hyposthenic 35%
- Asthenic 10%
- Hypersthenic 5%
What percentage of the population is either sthenic or hyposthenic?
85%
Patients with either a sthenic or hyposthenic body habitus are considered _____ or _____ in a clinical practice.
Ordinary & Average
What two body habitus are considered extreme, & what is the percentage of them in the population?
Asthenic & Hypersthenic
- 15 %
Why must radiographers possess a through knowledge of anatomy, physiology, and osteology?
To be able to obtain radiographs that show the desired body part
A stomach that is High and in the Upper left is considered what type of body habitus?
Sthenic (50%) & Hyposthenic (35%)
A stomach that is low and medial, in the pelvis when standing is considered what type of body habitus?
Asthenic (10%)
A stomach that is High, Transverse, and in the middle is considered what type of body habitus?
Hypersthenic (5%)
______ is simply a classification of the four general shapes of the truck of the human body
Habitus
What is anatomic position?
Patient stands erect with the face and eyes directed forward, arms extended by the sides with the palms facing forward, heels together, and toes pointing anteriorly
