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Rad Pro 1 > Ch. 2 Test 1- Body Planes & Regions, Body Habitus, Body Cavities > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Test 1- Body Planes & Regions, Body Habitus, Body Cavities Flashcards

1
Q

______ is the term applied to the science of the structure of the body.

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

____ is the study of the function of the body organs.

A

Physiology

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3
Q

____ is the detailed study of the body of knowledge relating to the bones of the body.

A

Osteology

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4
Q

What are the 4 fundamental body planes referred to in radiography?

A
  • Sagittal
  • Horizontal / Transverse
  • Coronal
  • Oblique
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5
Q

A ______ passes vertically through the body from front to back, and divides the body (or part) into _____ & _____ segments.

A
  • Sagittal Plane
  • Left & Right
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6
Q

The _____ is a specific sagittal plane that passes through the midline of the body and divides it into EQUAL right and left halves.

A

Mid Sagittal Plane = EQUAL right & left

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7
Q

A _____ divides the entire body (or part) into ____ and ____ segments.
It passes vertically from one side to the other.

A
  • Coronal Plane
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
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8
Q

The _____ is a specific coronal plane that passed through the midline of the body and divides it into EQUAL anterior and posterior halves.

A

Mid-Coronal = EQUAL anterior & posterior

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9
Q

A ____ passes crosswise through the body (or part) at right angles to the longitudinal axis.
It is positioned at a _____ to the sagittal and coronal planes and divides the body into ____ and _____ portions.

A
  • Horizontal/ Transverse Plane
  • Right Angle
  • Superior
  • Interior
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10
Q

An ____ can pass through a body part at any angle among the sagittal, coronal, & horizontal planes.

A

Oblique Plane

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11
Q

Why are planes used in radiographic positioning?

A

To center a body part to the image receptor (IR) , or central ray and to ensure the body part is properly aligned with the image receptor (IR) .

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12
Q

Two ____ are used in radiographic positioning. These planes are localized to a ____ of the body.

A
  • Special Planes
  • Specific Area
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13
Q

The ____ transects the body at the pelvis at the top of the iliac crests (level of L4)

A

Inter-iliac Plane

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14
Q

The ____ is formed by the biting surfaces of the upper and lower teeth with the jaws closed.

A

Occlusal Plane

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15
Q

What are the two great cavities of the torso called?

A

Thoracic and Abdominal Cavities

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16
Q

The abdominal cavity has no intervening partition, the lower portion is called the _______ .
Some anatomist combine the abdominal and pelvic cavities and refer to them as the ______ .

A
  • Pelvic Cavity
  • Abdominopelvic Cavity
17
Q

What principle structures are located in the thoracic cavity? (7)

A

Pleural Membranes
Lungs
Trachea
Esophagus
Pericardium
Heart
Great Vessels

18
Q

What principle structure located in the abdominal cavity? (10)

A

Peritoneum
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Spleen
Stomach
Intestines
Kidneys
Ureters
Major Blood Vessels

19
Q

What principle structures are located in the pelvic cavity?

A

Rectum
Urinary Bladder
and parts of the reproductive system

example for female - uterus, ovaries

20
Q

The abdomen is divided into 4 _____

A

Quadrants

21
Q

What are the quadrants of the abdomen?

A

Right Upper Quadrant - RUQ
Right Lower Quadrant - RLQ
Left Upper Quadrant - LUQ
Left Lower Quadrant- LLQ

22
Q

Why is diving the abdomen into quadrants useful?

A

For describing the the location of the various abdominal organs

23
Q

Some anatomists divide the abdomen into ____ regions by using ____ planes.
These are not used as often as quadrants in clinical practice.

A

9
4

24
Q

The ____ regions of the body are divided into 3 groups.
Name the region by groups.

A
  • 9
  • Superior
  • Middle
  • Inferior
25
Q

Common variations in the shape of the human body are termed?

A

Body Habitus

26
Q

Why is the specific type of body habitus important in radiography?

A

It determines the size, shape, & position of the organs, of the thoracic and abdominal cavities

27
Q

What organs are affected in habitus ? (6)

A

Hearts
Lungs
Diaphragm
Stomach
Colon
Gallbladder

28
Q

The gallbladder may vary in position by ____ depending on body habitus.

A

8 inches

29
Q

What other determination does body habitus and placement of the thoracic and abdominal organs play an important role in?

A

Determination of technical and exposure factors

30
Q

What are the four major types of body habitus?
&
What are their approximate frequency in the population?

A
  • Sthenic 50%
  • Hyposthenic 35%
  • Asthenic 10%
  • Hypersthenic 5%
31
Q

What percentage of the population is either sthenic or hyposthenic?

A

85%

32
Q

Patients with either a sthenic or hyposthenic body habitus are considered _____ or _____ in a clinical practice.

A

Ordinary & Average

33
Q

What two body habitus are considered extreme, & what is the percentage of them in the population?

A

Asthenic & Hypersthenic
- 15 %

34
Q

Why must radiographers possess a through knowledge of anatomy, physiology, and osteology?

A

To be able to obtain radiographs that show the desired body part

35
Q

A stomach that is High and in the Upper left is considered what type of body habitus?

A

Sthenic (50%) & Hyposthenic (35%)

36
Q

A stomach that is low and medial, in the pelvis when standing is considered what type of body habitus?

A

Asthenic (10%)

37
Q

A stomach that is High, Transverse, and in the middle is considered what type of body habitus?

A

Hypersthenic (5%)

38
Q

______ is simply a classification of the four general shapes of the truck of the human body

A

Habitus

39
Q

What is anatomic position?

A

Patient stands erect with the face and eyes directed forward, arms extended by the sides with the palms facing forward, heels together, and toes pointing anteriorly

Rad Pro 1 (5 decks)

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