CH 4 Flashcards
Pork-barrel spending
Legislation that directs specifics funding to projects within districts and states
Logrolling
trading of votes on legislation by members of Congress to get their earmarks passed into legislation
Oversight
efforts by Congress to ensure that executive branch agencies, bureaus, and cabinet departments, as well as their officials, are acting legally and in accordance with congressional goals.
constituency
a body of voters in a given area who elect a representative or senator.
Apportionment
the process of determining the number of representatives for each state using census data.
Redistricting
states’ redrawing of boundaries of electoral districts following each census.
Gerrymandering
the intentional use of redistricting to benefit a specific interest or group of voters.
Partisan gerrymandering
drawing of district boundaries into strange shapes to benefit a political party.
Majority-minority districts
a district in which voters of a minority ethnicity constitute an electoral majority within that electoral district.
Malapportionment
the uneven distribution of the population among legislative districts.
Incumbency
being already in office as opposed to running for the first time
Incumbency advantage
institutional advantages held by those already in office who are trying to fend off challengers in an election.
what is the two bodies Congress
House of representatives, and the senate
what happens when I congressman proposes a bill?

The speaker of the house, or the majority leader gives a del thoma committee, which gives it to a subcommittee
Who holds hearings to oversee the executive branch
Congress
Who has the power to create executive agencies
example of the clean air act 
congress
Who authorizes the flow of money
congress
what are the main powers of congress
Authority to make it past federal laws
Control the money
regulate trade 
impeach and remove the president
declare war
proposing ratify amendments to the constitution

what is the house of representatives also referred to? 
lower house
what number of representatives to each state get
population
Who is features numbers of the executive in judicial branch? 
house of representatives
How long do the representatives serve?
2 years
what is the rules committee
determines whether bills have the close, the rule, or open rule 
What does the speaker of the house to?
They assign people to committees who assign other people to committees
What is the Senate also referred to?
The upper house
How many senators does each state get?
2
What is the difference between the representatives and the senate in regards to impeachment?
The representatives impeaches numbers, where is senators try the members
How long do senators serve?
6 years
what are several senate responsibilities?
confirms presidential appointments, nominees, ratify treaties, and confirming the budget
 what are the
does the senate have a rule’s committee
no, Debate is always unlimited
What does senate filibuster mean?
Because the date is unlimited, minority party can kill Bill by continuing to talk
How do you end a debate and a filibuster in the senate?
by a cloture a vote of
3/5 of the senate

what is cloture
3/5 votes in the Senate to end debate in a filibuster
what is a rider in the senate
irrelevant amendments to bills
what is a standing committee
permanent panel with full legislative functions in oversight responsibilities. The members become experts.

what is a example of the standing committees in the House of Representa
Appropriations
set specific expenditures for the federal government
rules, determines under what rules Bill comes to the floor 
What are some senate examples of standing committee?
armed services
overseas military defense for in relation provide forgisn policy leadership 
What is a subcommittee?
form to tackle specific task within standing committees 
House examples of a house sub committee
Livestock dairy in poultry subcommittee of agriculture
What is an example of a senate subcommittee?
Healthcare subcommittee subcommittee a finance committee
what is a selected special committee
temporary groups with limited purposes such as investigation
what is an example of a house select your special
Watergate committee
What is an example of sensate it select or special committee
Select Kennedy on Epix
What is a joint committee
Includes the members of both houses to perform housekeeping task of studies
What is an example of a joint committee?
Economic committee
What is a conference committee?
Special type of joint committee that reconciles senate and house versions of a bill
what presidential powers are over the cabinet
picks the heads of the 15 most important agencies
- department of defense
state
treasury
what is the powers in office of management and budget
writes budget
what are the four informal powers of the president
Executive orders -orders written by the president or the agency they have the weight of plan. But the president can resend it or congress dee, unconstitutional.
Executive privilege- he can keep certain documents private
agenda setting - he sets out the legislative he wants passed
Impoundment -ability to refuse to spend appropriated by congress (if this was ruled unconstitutional )
What are the serious debates between?
federalist versus anti-federalist
north versus south
big states versus small states over new government 
What is the north-south compromise?
3/5 compromise in which slaves counted as 3/5 of a person to give yourself more representatives
why did the anti-federalist oppose the constitution?
They thought the national government would become tranney and take power away from the states
What does federalist 10 state

What does federalist paper 51 State
Written by Madison discusses importance of checks and balances in the separation of powers in the constitution
which court case set the dogma of judicial review
Marbury versus Madison
