ch. 4 Flashcards
text or discourse definition
discourse is more general but both are a series of linked utterances
conversational implicature
the implication a vague phrase has in a conversation
cooperation principle
the idea that, in a conversation, the listener and speaker should adhere to the three maxims in order to facilitate a smooth conversation
the three maxims
maxim of relevance, quantity and quality
maxim of quality
basically one has to assume the speaker isn’t lying
maxim of quantity
speakers provide exactly as much information as is necessary to the convo
maxim of relevance
the contribution is relevant for the development of the conversation
adjacency pairs
organizes the turn taking in conversation– often in question and answer form.
openers and closers
structure the conversation and hint when it is the other’s turn.
coherence
when utterances in a text are interlinked.
cohesion
a narrower notion than coherence– as it only contains linguistic means whereas coherence contains non linguistic means
means of creating cohesion
anaphoric reference, ellipsis, (lexical means): repetition, and paraphrase
anaphoric reference
establishes a link between a pronoun and its antecedent (both refer to the same person or object)
ellipsis
an aforementioned language element is highlighted by choosing a sentence pattern that forces the listener to think of this referent again.
repetition
more emphatic than ellipse or anaphoric reference but can be disruptive– basically the element mentioned is reintroduced in its full form exactly as it was said the first time.
