Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MIDS 137 > Ch 3a (congenital anomalies) > Flashcards

Ch 3a (congenital anomalies) Flashcards

1
Q

What % of women have congenital anomalies?

A

5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 reasons why uterine + vaginal malformations occur?

A

-Failure to develop the paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts
-Failure of fusion of mullerian ducts
-Failure of resorption of median septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What 3 malformations occur when there is a failure to form the mullerian ducts?

A

-Agenesis of vagina/uterus
-Hypoplasia (small) of vagina/uterus
-Uterus unicornis unicollis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What 3 malformations occur when there is a failure of fusion of the mullerian ducts?

A

-Uterus bicornis bicollis
-Uterus bicornis unicollis
-Uterus didelphys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What 2 malformations occur when there is a failure of resorption of the mullerian ducts?

A

-Septate uterus (complete failure)
-Subseptate uterus (partial failure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does cornis mean?

A

Uterus (think corn/horn)

Unicornis: 1 uterine horn
Bicornis: 2 uterine horns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does collis mean?

A

Cervix (think collar)

Unicollis: 1 cervix
Bicollis: 2 cervices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does didelphys mean?

A

Double system - 2 vag, 2 cervix, 2 uterine horns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a sonohysterography / saline infused sonography?

A

Saline injection to distend uterine cavity, which separates the walls of the uterus + highlights any defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an imperforate hymen?

A

-When the hymen covers the whole opening of the vagina
-You are born with this
-Sign this may be occurring if a girl has not gotten her 1st period yet (menarche)

(normal hymen typically ruptures during perinatal period)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What symptoms occur that make of think of an imperfornate hymen?

A

-Pelvic discomfort
-Bulging vaginal membrane
-No menstrual bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What structures create the interface that then produces the hymen?

A

Uterovaginal canal is separated from sinovaginal bulb + horizontal vaginal membrane. The vaginal membrane then interfaces with the urogenital sinus to produce the hymen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is hematometrocolpos?

A

Combination of menstrual blood, fluid + secretions in the vagina/uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Is u/s good at viewing hematometrocolpos?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What % of mullerin duct anomalies are due to arrested/failure of development of mullerian ducts?

A

5-10%

(produces hypoplasia/partial or agenesis/complete)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Signs of agenesis/hypoplasia of uterus/vagina?

A

-Amenorrhea
-Severe cyclic/cycle pelvic pain
-Hematometra (collection blood in uterus)

(secondary sexual characteristics are present which indicate normal ovarian function)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can defects of vertical vagina fusion/vaginal septum abnormalities result in?

A

Transverse vaginal septum

(this causes obstruction + produces hematocolpos - which is when the vagina is pooled with menstrual blood leading to the blockage of menstrual blood flow)

18
Q

Are vaginal anomalies hard to image with u/s? Which two?

A

Yes, TRV septa + duplicated vagina are included

19
Q

What does an absent vagina look like on u/s?

A

-Missing normal central vaginal echoes

20
Q

How is u/s helpful to identify a partial vaginal agenesis?

A

-Can identify the certain areas where there is no central echoes visualized

21
Q

Can we see a trv septum on u/s?

A

Not always possible, hard b/c of accumulations of blood in vagina or endo canal

22
Q

What is uterus unicornis + why does it occur?

A

-Failure of 1 mullerian duct to elongate/fuse (other duct develops normally)
-Typically unicornuate uterus is right sided
-Only 1 half/horn of uterus is developed
-Only connected to 1 ovary + tube

23
Q

What often occurs on the other side/horn when a uterus unicornis is present?

A

Rudimentary horn (what’s left of uterine tissue that was absorbed, looks like little uterus w/o tube or ovary)

24
Q

What can a rudimentary horn have?

A

-uterine cavity with functional endometrium
-communication b/w endometrium of main horn + rudimentary horn
-pt’s may experience endometriosis + hematometria (collection of blood in uterus) of rudimentary horn

(remember not always, but sometimes)

25
Q

What % of mullerian duct anomalies do bicornuate uterus’s account for?

A

10%

26
Q

What are the 2 types of bicornuate uterus?

A

Bicornuate unicollis: 2 uterus + 1 cervix
Bicornuate bicollis: 2 uterus + 2 cervix

(only 1 vag for these)

27
Q

Is there communication of the endometrial cavities with bicornuate uterus?

A

Yes (because normally fused at the isthmus)

28
Q

What does a bicornuate uterus look like on u/s?

A

Large fundal cleft with divergence of 2 uterine horns seen

29
Q

What is uterus didelphys?

A

2 uterus, 2 cervices, 2 vaginas (complete duplication)

Each uterus has 1 fallopian tube

30
Q

Why does uterus didelphys occur?

A

Complete failure of mullerin duct fusion

31
Q

Is there communication b/w duplicated endometrial cavities with uterus didelphys?

A

Nope

32
Q

How is uterus didelphys diagnosed?

A

-Typically asymptomatic
-Diagnosed at menarche when a tampon does not stop the bleeding

33
Q

What mullerian anomaly is m/c associated with renal agenesis?

A

Uterus didelphys

34
Q

How does uterus didelphys appear on u/s?

A

-separate diverging horns with large fundal cleft (indentation b/w horns)
-no communication b/w endos seen
-2 separate cervices seen

35
Q

What is septate uterus?

A

-complete duplication of uterine cavities (2 endos, completely separate)
-1 uterus
-2 cervices
-1 vag

36
Q

Cause of septate uterus?

A

Complete failure of median septum resorption

(septum goes all the way to internal os of cervix)

(complete fusion of mullerian ducts already taken place which is why only 1 uterus)

37
Q

What is subseptate uterus?

A

-1 uterus
-partial duplication of uterine cavities (kind of 2 endos, not completely separate)
-1 cervix
-1 vag

38
Q

Why does subseptate uterus occur?

A

Partial failure of median septum resorption

(septum does not go all the way to internal os of cervix)

39
Q

What is an arcuate uterus?

A

Mild indentation of endo at the top/fundus due to almost complete resorption of uterovaginal septum

(very common)

40
Q

Which scanning plane is an arcuate uterus best seen in?

A

TRV (looks like a Y)

41
Q

What is a diethylstilbestrol - exposed (DES) uterus?

A

-DES is a type of estrogen prescribed to women with pregnancy complications
-Discontinued b/c it caused vagina carcinoma
-Uterus looks T shaped with small endo
-Not common anymore

42
Q

How does DES uterus look on u/s?

A

T shaped

MIDS 137 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions