Ch 36 Nutrition Flashcards
Anorexia
Lack or loss of appetite for food
Absorption
Process by which drugs are transferred from the site of entry into the body to the bloodstream
Anorexia Nervosa
Eating disorder characterized by denial of appetite and bizarre eating habits
Anthropometric
Measurements of the body and body parts
Aspiration
Misdirection of oropharyngeal secretions or gastric contents into the larynx and lower respiratory tract
Basal Metabolism
Amount of energy required to carry out involuntary activities of the body at rest
Body Mass Index (bmi)
Ratio of height to weight
Weight in lbs x 703 / height in inches x height in inches
Underweight: < 18.5
Normal : 18.5- 25.9
Overweight: 25 - 29.9
Obesity: 30.0 +
Bulimia
Eating disorders characterized by episodes of gorging followed by purging; often occurs in conjunction with anorexia Nervosa
Calorie
Measure of heat or energy; kilocalorie, commonly referred to as a calorie, defined as the amount of heat required to raise 1kg of water 1c
Carbohydrate
Organic compounds (commonly known as sugars and starches) that are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; the most abundant and least expensive source of calories in the diet worldwide
Cholesterol
Fat-like substances found only in animal tissues; it is important for cell membrane structure, a precursor of steroid hormones , and constituent of bile; high serum cholesterol levels are risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis
Clear Liquid Diet
Contains only foods that are clear liquids at room or body temperatures–gelatin, fat-free broth, bouillon, ice pops, clear juices, carbonated beverages, and regular and decaffeinated coffee and tea.
Digestion
Gastrointestinal systems breakdown process of food into particles small enough to pass into the cells and be used by the cells
Dysphagia
Difficultly in swallowing or inability to swallow
Enteral Nutrition
Alternate form of feeding that involves passing a tube into the gastrointestinal tract to allow instillation of the appropriate formula
Full Liquid Diet
Contains all the items in a clear liquid diet. Additional items allowed include milk and milk drinks , plain frozen desserts, pasteurized eggs, cereal gruels , vegetable juices and egg substitutes. contains liquids that can be poured at room temperature
Gastrostomy
Opening created in the stomach
Ketosis
An abnormal accumulation of ketone bodies that frequently associated with acidosis
Lipid
Group name for fatty substances, including fats, oils, waxes, and related compounds
Minerals
Inorganic elements found in nature
Nasogastric (ng) Tube
Tube inserted through the nose and into the stomach
Nasointestinal (ni) Tube
Tube inserted through the nose and into the upper portion of the small intestine
npo
Nothing By Mouth
Nutrient
Specific biochemical substance used by the body for growth, development, activity, reproduction, lactation, health maintenance , and recovery from illness or injury
Nutrition
Study of the nutrients and how they are handled by the body as well as the impact of human behavior and environment in the process of nourishment
Obesity
Weight greater than 20% above ideal body weight
Parenteral nutrition
Nourishment provided via IV Therapy
Peripheral Parenteral nutrition(ppn)
Prescribed for patients who require nutrient supplementation through a peripheral vein because they have an inadequate intake of oral feedings
Percutaneous Endoscopic gastrostomy tube (peg)
Surgically or laparoscopically placed gastrostomy
Protein
Vital component of every living cell; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
Recommended dietary allowance (rda)
Recommendations for average daily amounts of essential nutrients that healthy population groups should consume over time
Residual
Feeding remaining in the stomach
Soft diet
Regular diet that has been modified to eliminate foods that are hard to digest and to chew , including those that are high in fiber, high in fat, and highly seasoned
Total Parenteral Nutrition (tpn)
Nutritional therapy that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract for patients who are unable to take food orally; meets the patients nutritional needs by way of nutrient-filled solutions administered intravenously through a central vein
Trans Fat
Fat that occurs when manufacturers partially hydrogenate liquid oils so that they become more solid and stable; trans fat raises serum cholesterol
Triglycerides
Predominant form of fat in food and the major storage form of fat in the body; composed of on glycerine molecule and three fatty acids
Vitamins
Organic substances needed by the body in small amounts to help regulate body processes are susceptible to oxidation and destruction
pH reading of gastric respiratory and intestinal
Gastric content is acidic < 5.5 if pt. Is on acid-inhibiting Shen (4.0-6.0)
Intestinal fluid > 7.0
Respiratory fluid > 6.0
